A Laboratory Study of Wave-Affected Turbulence in a Flexible Canopy: Transport in a Giant Kelp Forest

项目编号：CTS-0335346PRINCIPAL调查员：Jeffrey R.KOSEFINSTUTION：Stanford UNIVERSITY巨型海带中波浪影响的湍流的实验室研究目的是研究与海洋中丰富的海藻森林生态系统环境相关的流体动力学和输送。在这些系统中，水动力学控制着向大型藻类提供营养物质、向无脊椎动物输送食物颗粒、海带森林群落吸收溶解气体、营养物质和有机碳、海带群落内浮游孢子的扩散及其在海岸带的定居。这项研究将通过一系列迫切需要的实验室实验来补充正在进行的现场计划，这些实验侧重于在现场无法充分解决的问题。本文将采用多种光学诊断技术来研究波浪和水流共同作用下的海藻模型林内的流场。这些技术将允许直接测量速度和标量通量，从而能够描述混合过程，调查流动的空间变异性，并检查混合速度和湍流强度对海藻森林结构的依赖。这种流动结构不仅提供了一个极好的机会，不仅可以了解海藻树冠如何影响水柱中从波浪到湍流的动量和能量转移，而且还可以在存在可能在水柱中产生湍流的铰接粗糙元素的情况下，进一步探索波-底边界相互作用。该项目将为学生提供涉及流体力学和物理海洋学的跨学科研究项目的研究培训。调查人员将继续通过斯坦福大学的REU项目让本科生参与研究的做法，该项目已经成功地从不同专业和代表性不足的群体中招募了不同的学生参与研究。这项研究计划将通过进一步发展研究波浪流的实验室设施，以及通过在流体力学和物理海洋学的课堂上使用这些设施进行动手实验，来加强研究的基础设施。调查人员已经与媒体和科学作家合作，向公众传达研究发现，并计划继续这样的外展活动。

ABSTRACTPROPOSAL NO.: CTS-0335346PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: JEFFREY R. KOSEFFINSTITUTION: STANFORD UNIVERSITYA LABORATORY STUDY OF WAVE-AFFECTED TURBULENCE IN A GIANT KELP FORESTThe objectives are to study fluid dynamics and transport associated with the rich ecosytstem environment of kelp forests in the ocean. Within these systems, hydrodynamics govern nutrient availability to macro algae, the delivery of food particles to invertebrates, the uptake of dissolved gases, nutrients and organic carbon by the kelp forest community, the dispersal of planktonic spores within the kelp communities, and their settlement in the coastal zone. This study will augment an ongoing field program with a set of critically needed laboratory experiments focusing on problems that cannot be adequately resolved in the field. A variety of optical diagnostic techniques will be employed to investigate the flow field in a model kelp forest in the presence of waves and current. These techniques will allow direct measurement of velocities and scalar fluxes, enabling characterization of mixing processes, investigation of the spatial variability of the flow and examination of the dependence of mixing rates and turbulence intensity on kelp forest structure. This flow configuration presents an excellent opportunity to not only understand how kelp canopies affect the momentum and energy transfer from waves into turbulence in the water column, but also to further explore wave-bottom boundary interactions in the presence of articulating roughness elements which potentially generate turbulence in the water column itself. The project will provide research training for students in an interdisciplinary research project involving fluid mechanics and physical oceanography. The investigators will continue their practice of involving undergraduates in the research through Stanford's REU program, which has been successful in recruiting diverse students from different majors and underrepresented groups to participate in research. This research program will enhance the infrastructure for research, by further developing the laboratory facility for studying wavy flows; and for education, by using these facilities for hands-on experimentation in classes in fluid mechanics and physical oceanography. The investigators already work with the media and science writers to convey research discoveries to the public, and plan to continue such outreach activities.