COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Hydrological linkages between landscapes and streams: Transferring reach and plot scale understanding to the network and catchment scales

0337650McGlynn如何将连接山坡和河岸地区的水文过程的标尺测量扩大到整个集水区？如何将河岸和潜水地带地下水-地表水混合的可达尺度测量扩大到整个河流网络？我们如何才能将我们对小流域的理解转移到景观或其他流域的较大部分？水文过程尺度的本质是什么？这些问题突出表明，我们目前无法扩大对地块研究的水文过程的了解，也无法达到更大流域的规模。要回答这些问题，需要综合的、多尺度的方法，将地貌分析、基于过程的实地调查和流域尺度的综合结合起来，以确定控制产生径流的源区之间的水文连通性的因素，以及将源区与溪流连接起来的径流路径。这项研究将把新的景观和地形分析技术与地块和河流尺度的实地研究相结合，为实地调查提供背景，开发一种将过程理解扩展到流域尺度的方法，并最终将这种理解转移到其他流域进行比较和流域分类。将采用三种主要方法：(1)景观分析，阐明流域尺度格局和组织，并作为放大过程研究结果的一种方法，将研究结果放大到景观尺度；(2)山坡-河岸小区尺度研究，以确定优势景观单元之间连接和断开的一级控制；(3)河流-半潜流带动力学的尺度过程研究，以确定景观对交换和河流中传输的控制。然后，将使用景观分析将内部汇流动态与汇流出口观测联系起来。实地示踪剂和景观数据的综合不确定性分析将纳入经验性和景观分析模型。我们将比较这些理论水文和地貌尺度关系的经验方法的结果。这项研究的智力价值将体现在将过程尺度研究与流域和景观尺度联系起来的方法的开发和应用上。更广泛的影响包括研究生和本科生从研究设计到数据收集、分析和展示的参与。教师培训以及研究和K-12教育与普通公众之间的联系将通过与大天空科学和自然历史研究所(BSI)的合作以及BSI学会和科学研究生计划来实现。此外，这项研究将产生广泛可用的景观分析软件和一种将实地测量与景观尺度联系起来的方法。这将为联邦和州土地管理和咨询机构在整个山间、西部和更远地区开展的河流和分水岭恢复项目提供重要的现场背景信息。

0337650McGlynnHow can plot-scale measurements of the hydrologic processes that link hillslopes to riparian areas be scaled up to whole catchments? How can reach-scale measurements of groundwater-surface water mixing in riparian and hyporheic zones be scaled up to entire stream networks? How can we transfer our small-catchment scale understanding to larger portions of the landscape or other catchments? What is the nature of hydrologic process scaling? These questions highlight our current inability to scale-up understanding of hydrological processes studied at the plot or reach scale to larger catchments. Answering them requires integrated, multi-scale approaches that combine landscape-level topographic analysis, process-based field investigations, and catchment-scale integration to identify the factors controlling the hydrologic connectivity between source areas generating runoff and the flow paths that link source areas to streams. This research will combine novel landscape and topographic analysis techniques with plot and reach-scale field research to provide context for field investigations, to develop a method for scaling process understanding to the catchment scale, and ultimately to transfer this understanding to other catchments for comparison and catchment classification. Three primary methods will be used: (1) landscape analysis to elucidate catchment scale patterns and organization and as a method to scale-up process study results to the landscape scale, (2) hillslope-riparian plot scale studies to determine first-order controls on connections and disconnections among dominant landscape units, and (3) reach scale process studies on stream-hyporheic zone dynamics to determine landscape controls on exchange and in-stream transport. Landscape analysis will then be used to link internal catchment dynamics to catchment outlet observations. Comprehensive uncertainty analysis of field tracers and landscape data will be incorporated into empirical and landscape analysis modeling. We will compare results of these empirical approaches to theoretical hydrologic and geomorphologic scaling relationships.The intellectual merit of this research will be manifested in the development and application of a method for linking process scale studies to the catchment and landscape scales. The broader impacts include graduate and undergraduate student involvement from study design through data collection, analysis, and presentation. Teacher training and linkages between research and K-12 education and the general public will be made through collaboration with the Big Sky Institute (BSI) for Science and Natural History and through the BSI Society and Science Graduate Fellows Program. In addition, this research will result in widely available landscape analysis software and a methodology for linking field measurements to the landscape scale. This will provide critical site context to inform stream and watershed restoration projects undertaken by federal and state land management and consulting agencies throughout the intermountain west and beyond.