COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Hydrological linkages between landscapes and streams: Transferring reach and plot scale understanding to the network and catchment scales

如何将连接山坡和河岸地区的水文过程的样地尺度测量扩大到整个集水区？如何将河岸和潜流带地下水-地表水混合的规模测量扩大到整个水系网络？我们如何将小流域尺度的理解转移到更大的景观或其他流域？水文过程标度的本质是什么？这些问题突出了我们目前无法扩大对该地块研究的水文过程的理解，也无法扩大到更大的集水区。回答这些问题需要综合的、多尺度的方法，将景观级地形分析、基于过程的实地调查和流域尺度的整合结合起来，以确定控制产生径流的源区和连接源区与溪流的流动路径之间水文连通性的因素。本研究将新颖的景观和地形分析技术与地块和河段尺度的实地研究相结合，为实地调查提供背景，开发一种将过程理解扩展到集水区尺度的方法，并最终将这种理解转移到其他集水区进行比较和分类。将采用三种主要方法：(1)景观分析，阐明流域尺度模式和组织，并将过程研究结果扩大到景观尺度；(2)山坡-河岸地块尺度研究，确定优势景观单元之间连接和断开的一级控制因素；(3)河流-潜流带动力学的河段尺度过程研究，确定交换和河内运输的景观控制因素。然后，景观分析将用于将内部汇水动态与汇水出口观测联系起来。综合现场示踪剂和景观数据的不确定性分析将纳入实证和景观分析建模。我们将把这些经验方法的结果与理论水文和地貌尺度关系进行比较。这项研究的智力价值将体现在将过程尺度研究与流域和景观尺度联系起来的方法的发展和应用上。更广泛的影响包括研究生和本科生从研究设计到数据收集、分析和展示的参与。教师培训以及研究与K-12教育和公众之间的联系将通过与大天空研究所（BSI）科学和自然史以及BSI社会和科学研究生计划的合作来实现。此外，这项研究将产生广泛可用的景观分析软件和一种将实地测量与景观尺度联系起来的方法。这将为联邦和州土地管理和咨询机构在整个山间西部及其他地区开展的溪流和流域恢复项目提供重要的现场环境。

0337650McGlynnHow can plot-scale measurements of the hydrologic processes that link hillslopes to riparian areas be scaled up to whole catchments? How can reach-scale measurements of groundwater-surface water mixing in riparian and hyporheic zones be scaled up to entire stream networks? How can we transfer our small-catchment scale understanding to larger portions of the landscape or other catchments? What is the nature of hydrologic process scaling? These questions highlight our current inability to scale-up understanding of hydrological processes studied at the plot or reach scale to larger catchments. Answering them requires integrated, multi-scale approaches that combine landscape-level topographic analysis, process-based field investigations, and catchment-scale integration to identify the factors controlling the hydrologic connectivity between source areas generating runoff and the flow paths that link source areas to streams. This research will combine novel landscape and topographic analysis techniques with plot and reach-scale field research to provide context for field investigations, to develop a method for scaling process understanding to the catchment scale, and ultimately to transfer this understanding to other catchments for comparison and catchment classification. Three primary methods will be used: (1) landscape analysis to elucidate catchment scale patterns and organization and as a method to scale-up process study results to the landscape scale, (2) hillslope-riparian plot scale studies to determine first-order controls on connections and disconnections among dominant landscape units, and (3) reach scale process studies on stream-hyporheic zone dynamics to determine landscape controls on exchange and in-stream transport. Landscape analysis will then be used to link internal catchment dynamics to catchment outlet observations. Comprehensive uncertainty analysis of field tracers and landscape data will be incorporated into empirical and landscape analysis modeling. We will compare results of these empirical approaches to theoretical hydrologic and geomorphologic scaling relationships.The intellectual merit of this research will be manifested in the development and application of a method for linking process scale studies to the catchment and landscape scales. The broader impacts include graduate and undergraduate student involvement from study design through data collection, analysis, and presentation. Teacher training and linkages between research and K-12 education and the general public will be made through collaboration with the Big Sky Institute (BSI) for Science and Natural History and through the BSI Society and Science Graduate Fellows Program. In addition, this research will result in widely available landscape analysis software and a methodology for linking field measurements to the landscape scale. This will provide critical site context to inform stream and watershed restoration projects undertaken by federal and state land management and consulting agencies throughout the intermountain west and beyond.