Collaborative Research: Salpa Thompsoni in the Southern Ocean: Bioenergetics, Population Dynamics and Biogeochemical Impact

合作研究：南大洋的 Salpa Thompsoni：生物能量学、种群动态和生物地球化学影响

• 批准号: 0338290
• 负责人: Patricia Kremer
• 金额: $ 26.68万
• 依托单位: University of Connecticut
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-06-01 至 2008-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0338290&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Salpa; Thompsoni; Southern

Salps are planktonic grazers that have a life history, feeding biology and population dynamic strikingly different from krill, copepods or other crustacean zooplankton. Salps can occur in very dense population blooms that cover large areas and have been shown to have major impacts due to the their grazing and the production of fast-sinking fecal pellets. Although commonly acknowledged as a major component of the Southern Ocean zooplankton community, often comparable in biomass and distribution to krill, salps have received relatively little attention. Although extensive sampling has documented the seasonal abundance of salps in the Southern Ocean, there is a paucity of data on important rates that determine population growth and the role of this species in grazing and vertical flux of particulates. This proposed study will include: measurements of respiration and excretion rates for solitary and aggregate salps of all sizes; measurements of ingestion rates, including experiments to determine the size or concentration of particulates that can reduce ingestion; and determination of growth rates of solitaries and aggregates. In addition to the various rate measurements, this study will include quantitative surveys of salp horizontal and vertical distribution to determine their biomass and spatial distribution, and to allow a regional assessment of their effects. Measurements of the physical characteristics of the water column and the quantity and quality of particulate food available for the salps at each location will also be made. Satellite imagery and information on sea-ice cover will be used to test hypotheses about conditions that result in high densities of salps. Results will be used to construct a model of salp population dynamics, and both experimental and modeling results will be interpreted within the context of the physical and nutritional conditions to which the salps are exposed. This integrated approach will provide a good basis for understanding the growth dynamics of salp blooms in the Southern Ocean. Two graduate students will be trained on this project, and cruise and research experience will be provided for two undergraduate students. A portion of a website allowing students to be a virtual participant in the research will be created to strengthen students' quantitative skills. Both PI's will participate in teacher-researcher workshops, and collaboration with a regional aquarium will be developed in support of public education.

海鞘是浮游食草动物，其生活史、摄食生物学和种群动态与磷虾、桡足类或其他甲壳类浮游动物截然不同。海鞘可以出现在非常密集的种群繁殖中，覆盖大面积，并且由于它们的放牧和快速下沉的粪便颗粒的产生，已被证明具有重大影响。虽然海带通常被认为是南大洋浮游动物群落的主要组成部分，在生物量和分布上通常可与磷虾相媲美，但相对而言却很少受到关注。尽管广泛的取样记录了南大洋中海带的季节性丰度，但关于决定种群增长的重要速率以及该物种在放牧和颗粒物垂直通量中的作用的数据缺乏。这项拟议的研究将包括：测量各种大小的孤立的和聚集的海鞘的呼吸和排泄速率；摄入速率的测量，包括测定可减少摄入的微粒的大小或浓度的实验；测定孤体和聚集体的生长速率。除了各种速率测量外，这项研究还将包括对salp水平和垂直分布的定量调查，以确定其生物量和空间分布，并对其影响进行区域评估。还将测量水柱的物理特性以及每个地点可供海鞘食用的颗粒食物的数量和质量。卫星图像和海冰覆盖的信息将被用来检验导致海带高密度的条件的假设。研究结果将用于构建salp种群动态模型，实验和建模结果将在salp所处的物理和营养条件的背景下进行解释。这种综合方法将为了解南大洋海藻类的生长动态提供良好的基础。本项目将培训两名研究生，并为两名本科生提供巡航和研究经验。将创建一个网站的一部分，让学生成为研究的虚拟参与者，以加强学生的定量技能。两个PI都将参加教师-研究员研讨会，并将与一个地区水族馆合作，以支持公共教育。