SGER: NSNX and Social Choice Experiments

SGER：NSNX 和社会选择实验

• 批准号: 0344130
• 负责人: Howard Margolis
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2007-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0344130&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; NSNX; Social; Choice; Experiments

Over the past quarter-century and more, social choice experiments have studied how people choose between what can be earned by each acting in pure self-interest as against what would be jointly earned if all could commit themselves to act in their common interest. This proposal grows out of a pilot project that produced striking early results from fresh analysis of archived data from several prominent sets of experiments, using an unconventional extension of standard rational actor theory to allow for social motivation ("nsnx"), and giving close attention to what has been learned in recent decades about the cognitive cuing of choices. Coincidentally (since the proposal was submitted) the Nobel prize for Economics this year has been shared between Vernon Smith, who has pioneered in the use of rational choice theory in experimental work and Daniel Kahneman who (with Amos Tversky) pioneered in the application of cognitive concerns to economics. The project builds on that work.Results of several strong tests for "nsnx" effects have shown effects of size and robustness beyond what has often been seen in the social sciences. A downloadable "template" allows other researchers to run the tests on data of their own choice. The work aims at gaining insight from controlled experimental conditions that can be applied to socially urgent problems (from voluntarism at home to terrorism and ethnic conflict aboard) that turn heavily on the ability of groups to sustain or disrupt cooperation under conditions where binding agreements and third-party enforcement are difficult. This is arguably the most fundamental issue of the social sciences.

在过去的四分之一世纪甚至更久的时间里，社会选择实验研究了人们是如何在每个人按照自己的纯粹利益行事所能获得的收益和如果所有人都致力于为共同利益行事所能获得的收益之间做出选择的。这一建议源于一个试点项目，该项目对几组著名实验的存档数据进行了新的分析，产生了惊人的早期结果，使用标准理性行为者理论的非常规扩展来考虑社会动机（“nsnx”），并密切关注近几十年来关于选择的认知暗示的研究成果。巧合的是（自提案提交以来），今年的诺贝尔经济学奖被弗农·史密斯（Vernon Smith）和丹尼尔·卡尼曼（Daniel Kahneman）分享，前者率先在实验工作中使用理性选择理论，后者（与阿莫斯·特沃斯基（Amos Tversky）一起）率先将认知关注应用于经济学。该项目建立在这项工作的基础上。对“nsnx”效应的几项强有力的测试结果显示，其规模和稳健性的影响超出了社会科学中经常看到的。一个可下载的“模板”允许其他研究人员在他们自己选择的数据上进行测试。这项工作旨在从受控的实验条件中获得洞察力，这些条件可以应用于社会紧迫问题（从国内的自愿主义到国外的恐怖主义和种族冲突），这些问题严重依赖于群体在具有约束力的协议和第三方执行困难的情况下维持或破坏合作的能力。这可以说是社会科学中最基本的问题。