The Evolution of larval and adult features in Diptera (Insecta).

双翅目（Diptera）是一个物种非常丰富的类群。150.000种）。幼虫种类繁多。它们中的许多起着重要的作用，作为腐肉和排泄物的清道夫，或者是害虫的寄生虫。作为许多疾病的载体，成人对人类健康有着无与伦比的负面影响（例如，疟疾[按蚊]）。头部结构在这方面起着重要作用。它们在蚊科中的研究相对较好。然而，成虫和幼虫解剖学的知识一般是非常零碎的。对社会进化事件的理解由于严重缺乏数据而受阻。因此，第一步将是使用创新技术（包括琥珀化石）记录形态学数据（1）。将编制一个广泛的形态特征集（成虫和幼虫）（2）。系统发育评价还将包括分子数据（Flytree项目[NSF]）（3）。一个进化的场景将被开发，重点是成年人的头部和进食器官以及幼虫的特征和习惯（4）。将重建地面平面图（双翅目和短角亚目）。双翅目的位置将使用来自内翅类的系统发育和进化的数据重新评估\一个子项目是用创新技术记录果蝇的形态。团队的协调努力将导致密集的交流和强大的协同效应。共享的专业知识、数据和材料将保证最大的效率，并促进未来的合作。

Diptera are an extremely species rich group (ca. 150.000 spp.). The larvae are highly diverse. Many of them play an important role as scavengers of carrion and excrements, or are parasites of pest insects. As vectors of numerous diseases adults have unparalleled negative impacts on human health (e.g., Malaria [Anopheles]). Head structures play a major role in this context. They are comparatively well studied in Culicidae. However, the knowledge of adult and larval anatomy in general is very fragmentary. The understanding of cmcial evolutionary events is impeded by a severe lack ofdata. Therefore the first step will be a documentation of morphological data using innovative techniques (including amber fossils) (1). An extensive morphological character set will be compiled (adults and larvae) (2). The phylogenetic evaluation will also include molecular data (Flytree project [NSF]) (3). An evolutionary scenario will be developed, with emphasis on the adult head and feeding apparatus and larval features and habits (4). Groundplans (Diptera and Brachycera) will be reconstmcted. The position of Diptera will be re-assessed using data from Phylogeny and Evolution of Endopterygota \ A subproject is a documentation of the morphology of Drosophila with innovative techniques. The co-ordinated effort of teams will lead to an intensive exchange and a strong synergy effect. Shared expertise, data and material will guarantee maximum efficiency, and also lead to future cooperations.