BR2CSFB - A toolkit for breeding resistance to adult and larval herbivory by the cabbage stem flea beetle

BR2CSFB - 用于培育甘蓝茎跳甲虫对成虫和幼虫草食性的抗性的工具包

• 批准号: BB/V015524/1
• 负责人: Rachel Wells
• 金额: $ 108.14万
• 依托单位: John Innes Centre
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FV015524%2F1
• 关键词: BR2CSFB; toolkit; breeding; resistance; adult

Although oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napus) has traditionally been grown as the most profitable break crop, a loss of controls for cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB; Psylliodes chrysocephala), has resulted in UK cropping area declining by 35% between 2012 and 2019. The National Farmers Union (NFU) estimate the removal of neonicotinoid seed treatments has cost farmers ~£94 million/year in lost opportunity and crop loss. Additional costs have been absorbed by the UK crushing industry because of the need to import OSR. Collectively, this poses a serious risk to the viability of the UK OSR industry and current farm crop rotation practices. With the withdrawal of chemical controls, resistant cultivars are central to supporting Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. However, unlike plant-pathogen interactions, our understanding of the interactions between host plants and chewing insects is limited. CSFBs are attracted to glucosinolates, chemicals used by Brassica species to deter non-specialist insect pests. Even if B. napus has defence or resistance mechanisms that deter CSFB feeding, the genetic control of such mechanisms and whether they can be exploited to breed for resistance has remained an open question. There are no known examples of resistance in B. napus and little knowledge of resistance mechanisms within our UK crop species. No resistant cultivars are currently available for any insect pest of OSR.This proposal builds on preliminary data using controlled feeding studies and field trials, which shows that variation for reduced adult CSFB feeding is present within a diverse panel of B. napus. The panel, comprising historical varieties of winter and spring OSR, Chinese OSR, swede and kale, contains genetic diversity which is unlikely to be present in elite cultivars. This has enabled us to identify loci associated with CSFB feeding damage. Controlled larval infestation studies within this population have also identified variation in the numbers of emerging adult CSFB, demonstrating the presence of resistance to CSFB larvae. Together these observations indicate that some varieties of B. napus carry genes which can 1) deter adult CSFB feeding and 2) confer resistance against larval infestation or reduce larval fecundity. If identified, this variation can be exploited to breed OSR resistant to both damaging stages of CSFB. This proposal developed by two research institutes (JIC and Rothamsted Research), seven major plant breeders and the OSR growers' Levy board (AHDB), aims to discover loci associated with adult CSFB feeding and larval resistance in B. napus. In parallel, we aim to develop an understanding of crop adaptations which affect OSR-CSFB interactions. This will be coupled with larval development studies, gene expression analysis and metabolite profiling to further elucidate key mechanisms by which Brassica plants identify and defend themselves against beetle attack. Key genes implicated in resistance and defence responses will be investigated using candidate gene studies in model plants, including candidate genes which underlie two loci implicated in the supporting data. Collectively, this knowledge, combined with germplasm and markers that will be used by participating breeders to integrate resistant alleles into commercial breeding pipelines, will facilitate the introduction of tolerant varieties into the UK OSR market.

虽然油菜（OSR;甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus）传统上被种植为最有利可图的休息作物，对卷心菜茎跳甲（CSFB; Psylliodes chrysocephala）的控制失败导致英国种植面积在2012年至2019年间下降了35%。全国农民联盟（NFU）估计，取消类烟碱种子处理使农民每年损失约9400万英镑的机会和作物损失。由于需要进口OSR，英国破碎行业已经吸收了额外的成本。总的来说，这对英国OSR行业和当前农作物轮作实践的可行性构成了严重风险。随着化学防治的取消，抗性品种是支持害虫综合管理（IPM）战略的核心。然而，与植物-病原体相互作用不同，我们对宿主植物和咀嚼昆虫之间的相互作用的理解是有限的。CSFBs被芥子油苷所吸引，芥子油苷是芸苔属物种用来阻止非专业害虫的化学物质。即使B。油菜具有阻止CSFB饲喂的防御或抗性机制，这些机制的遗传控制以及它们是否可以被利用来育种抗性仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。在B中没有已知的耐药实例。在我们的英国作物物种的抗性机制的知识很少。目前没有抗性品种可用于OSR的任何昆虫害虫。该建议建立在使用控制饲养研究和田间试验的初步数据的基础上，这些数据表明，减少成虫CSFB饲养的变化存在于不同的B组中。油菜。该小组，包括历史品种的冬季和春季OSR，中国OSR，瑞典和羽衣甘蓝，含有遗传多样性，这是不太可能存在于精英品种。这使我们能够确定与CSFB摄食损伤相关的基因座。在该种群内进行的受控幼虫侵染研究也发现了新出现的CSFB成虫数量的变化，表明存在对CSFB幼虫的抗性。总之，这些观察结果表明，某些品种的B。油菜携带的基因可以1）阻止成虫CSFB进食和2）赋予对幼虫侵染的抗性或降低幼虫繁殖力。如果确定，这种变化可以用来培育抗CSFB两个破坏阶段的OSR。该建议由两个研究机构（JIC和Rothamsted Research）、七个主要植物育种者和OSR种植者Levy委员会（AHDB）提出，旨在发现B中与CSFB成虫摄食和幼虫抗性相关的基因座。油菜。同时，我们的目标是发展作物适应影响OSR-CSFB相互作用的理解。这将与幼虫发育研究，基因表达分析和代谢产物分析相结合，以进一步阐明芸苔属植物识别和防御甲虫攻击的关键机制。将使用模式植物中的候选基因研究来研究涉及抗性和防御反应的关键基因，包括支持数据中涉及的两个基因座的候选基因。总的来说，这些知识，再加上参与育种者将用于将抗性等位基因整合到商业育种管道中的种质和标记，将有助于将耐受品种引入英国OSR市场。