CAREER: A Unified Approach for Energy Management by Operating Systems

该提案旨在开发一种统一的操作系统（Oss）方法来管理能耗。 目标是使所有类型的硬件组件的能源管理完全自动化。 这种方法可以分为三个部分：（1）创建一个接口来描述硬件组件，（2）构建能量模型来支持Oss的运行时决策，（3）开发技术来确定组件的功率状态来管理能量。 在现实世界中，开源是一种广泛使用的（在大多数情况下是唯一的）解决方案。 此外，用户必须设置超时的长度。 没有操作系统可以根据组件的特性或执行的程序自动找到适当的超时值。本提案的第一部分创建了一个接口，用于自动表征组件的功耗。 这隐藏了组件之间的差异，以便Oss可以以统一的方式管理所有组件的能量。 第二部分是建立能源消耗模型，利用该接口可以自动确定模型系数。 本提案的第三部分开发了用于确定组件的功率状态的技术。 操作系统自动选择适当的算法并设置算法的参数。 这些参数是根据元件的特性计算的。 这些算法可以改变组件的功率状态，例如降低未充分利用组件的性能。该教育计划强调系统集成，帮助学生培养发现、定义和解决复杂问题的技能。 该计划包括三门课程：（1）嵌入式系统研究生课程，（2）计算机组成本科课程，（3）计算机体系结构研究生课程。 代表性不足的少数民族，弱势学生，妇女和本科生将被招募参加研究和教育计划。

This proposal is to develop a unified approach in operating systems (Oss) for managing energy consumption. The goal is to make energy management completely automatic for all types of hardware components. This approach can be divided into three parts: (1) creating an interface for characterizing hardware components, (2) constructing energy models for supporting the Oss' run-time decisions, and (3) developing techniques to determine components' power states for managing energy.Using Oss for energy management is still in its infancy. Timeout is a widely used (in most cases the only) solution in real-world Oss. Moreover, users have to set the lengths of the timeout. No operating systems can automatically find the appropriate timeout values based on the component's characteristics or the executed programs.The first part of this proposal creates an interface for automatically characterizing components' power consumption. This hides the differences among components so that the Oss can manage the energy of all components in a uniform way. The second part of this proposal constructs energy models for estimating energy consumption; the models' coefficients can be automatically determined by using the proposed interface. The third part of this proposal develops techniques for determining components' power states. The OSs automatically select appropriate algorithms and set the algorithms' parameters. The parameters are calculated based on the components' characteristics. The algorithms change components' power states, for example by scaling down the performance of under-utilized components.The education plan emphasizes system integration and helps students develop the skills to discover, define and solve complex problems. This plan includes three courses: (1) a graduate course on embedded systems, (2) an undergraduate course on computer organization, and (3) a graduate course on computer architectures. Under-represented minorities, disadvantaged students, women and undergraduate students will be recruited to participate in the research and education programs.