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Baseline Methods for Reconstructing United States 19th Century Climatic Extremes from Historical Data

根据历史数据重建美国 19 世纪极端气候的基线方法

基本信息

批准号：
0349986
负责人：
Cary Mock
金额：
$ 10万
依托单位：
University South Carolina Research Foundation
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2004-06-01 至 2007-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0349986&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Baseline Methods Reconstructing United States

项目摘要

Baseline Methods for Reconstructing United States 19th Century Climatic Extremes from Historical DataThe proposed research will provide a methodological baseline for reconstructing large-scale historical climatic extremes for North America and the adjacent oceans by integrating early instrumental and documentary climate data together. Daily nineteenth century air temperatures, precipitation frequencies, and precipitation magnitude will be corrected to make them directly comparable with data practices of the modern instrumental record. These methods, aided by calibration methods from modern hourly weather data, will be directly applicable to reconstructing the pre-modern climate for any year in the nineteenth century and enable the construction of daily weather maps. The methods will be specifically applied to weather data from November 1848-November 1849 at the national scale; and the winter of 1861-1862 and the warm-season of 1860 at subregional scales. Newly discovered historical data will be extracted from overland diaries, records from permanent settlements, and maritime archives. These climatic extremes provide ideal climatic contrasts for testing these methods for historical climate reconstruction. The project will also contribute valuable information as it concerns prominent climatic impacts on westward emigration, the myth of the desert, linkages to cholera, whaling activity in the Arctic, agricultural impacts on the Plains and American South, and unprecedented flooding and cold waves.

基于历史数据重建美国19世纪极端气候的基线方法该研究将整合早期仪器和文献气候数据，为重建北美和邻近海洋的大尺度历史极端气候提供方法学基线。将对19世纪的每日气温、降水频率和降水强度进行校正，使它们与现代仪器记录的数据实践直接比较。这些方法在现代每小时天气资料的校准方法的辅助下，将直接适用于重建19世纪任何一年的前现代气候，并使每日天气图的构建成为可能。这些方法将具体应用于1848年11月至1849年11月的全国范围内的天气资料；1861-1862年的冬季和1860年的暖季是分区域尺度的。新发现的历史资料将从陆上日记、永久定居点记录和海事档案中提取。这些极端气候为测试这些历史气候重建方法提供了理想的气候对比。该项目还将提供有价值的信息，因为它涉及气候对西迁的显著影响、沙漠的神话、与霍乱的联系、北极的捕鲸活动、对平原和美国南部的农业影响以及前所未有的洪水和寒潮。