Recrafting Social Contracts: Welfare Reform in Latin America, East Asia and Central Europe

重塑社会契约：拉丁美洲、东亚和中欧的福利改革

• 批准号: 0351439
• 负责人: Stephan Haggard
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-04-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0351439&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Recrafting; Social; Contracts; Welfare; Reform

The objective of this project is to explain distinctive patterns in the reform of social insurance (particularly pensions and health insurance) and social services (basic education and health services) in a sample of middle-income developing and formerly socialist countries. The main components of the project are three: 1) quantitative analysis of social spending in global and regional samples of developing and formerly socialist countries; 2) detailed comparative case analysis of social policy reform in the period from 1980 to the present for a focused sample of cases1 from the three regions; and 3) construction of a new data set on social spending in a sample of federal and decentralized systems. The study of the origin, expansion and changing nature of the welfare state is a central pillar of the comparative politics of the advanced industrial states. Analysis of the politics of social welfare in developing countries is much more recent. This project extends the theoretical insights of the literature on the OECD to a sample of middle-income countries. The researchers consider and modify a number of core hypotheses in this literature, including the effects of globalization, regime type and other institutional factors, to the developing and formerly-socialist country context. The central theoretical orientation of the project is to consider how social welfare models were complementary to broader development strategies in the three regions: export-oriented growth in some Asian countries, import-substitution in Latin America and state socialism in Eastern Europe. The researchers examine how the transformation or collapse of these models has generated political conflict around social policy reform, and how partisan conflict over the issue has in turn influenced the reform path. The cases considered in greater depth are: in Latin America, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela; in Asia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand; in Central Europe, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. For broader social value, the debate over the appropriate design of social policy is clearly a very important one, and one objective is to contribute to the debate about policy design. In addition, the data sets from this project will be put in the public domain for academic, research, and non-commercial purposes and thus facilitate research on social policy and decentralization.

本项目的目的是解释中等收入发展中国家和前社会主义国家社会保险（特别是养恤金和健康保险）和社会服务（基础教育和保健服务）改革的独特模式。该项目的主要组成部分有三个：1)对发展中国家和前社会主义国家的全球和区域样本的社会支出进行定量分析；(2)以三地为重点样本，对1980年至今的社会政策改革进行详细的案例比较分析；3)以联邦和分权体制为样本，构建新的社会支出数据集。对福利国家的起源、扩张和性质变化的研究是发达工业国家比较政治学的中心支柱。对发展中国家社会福利的政治分析要晚得多。本项目将关于经合组织的文献的理论见解扩展到中等收入国家的样本。研究人员考虑并修改了本文献中的一些核心假设，包括全球化、政权类型和其他制度因素对发展中国家和前社会主义国家背景的影响。该项目的中心理论方向是考虑社会福利模式如何补充三个区域的更广泛的发展战略：一些亚洲国家的出口导向型增长、拉丁美洲的进口替代和东欧的国家社会主义。研究人员研究了这些模式的转变或崩溃如何产生围绕社会政策改革的政治冲突，以及党派冲突如何反过来影响改革路径。就更广泛的社会价值而言，关于适当设计社会政策的辩论显然是非常重要的，其目标之一是促进有关政策设计的辩论。此外，该项目的数据集将放在公共领域，用于学术、研究和非商业目的，从而促进对社会政策和权力下放的研究。