Collaborative Research: Gulf Stream Re-Analysis - Structure, Transport & Dynamics

摘要湾流作为北大西洋风驱动环流中最强的组成部分，一直是大量实证研究、理论争论和模式模拟的焦点。它的特征一直是判断数值模型真实性的重要指标。尽管如此，哈特拉斯角和大浅滩之间的墨西哥湾流的重要特征仍然鲜为人知。作为一种经济有效的获取更多信息和洞察力的手段，PI将分析来自墨西哥湾流的现有数据，这些数据要么以前没有被分析过，要么现在可以更准确、更全面地分析。所讨论的数据是在为期两年（1988-1990）的海洋天气预报（SYNOP）实验期间收集的，这是在墨西哥湾流中进行的最全面的实验。虽然最初的SYNOP研究人员已经利用SYNOP数据完成了对墨西哥湾流运动学和动力学的杰出研究，但这些数据中仍然包含着丰富的信息。因为只有在过去的四年里，分析技术才得以发展，这些技术可以充分利用众多的反向回声测深仪（IES）记录器，或者处理系泊电流和温度数据，而不会因系泊运动校正不足和“流”坐标投影不准确而产生偏差。该方法利用IES阵列附近的历史水文数据，以深度（实际压力）和海底到海面的声波传播时间为自变量，构建温度函数（称为最严重经验模式，GEM）。它将允许对GS结构和运输进行独立估计。当IES-GEM剪切与HEF输运或底部压力加近底部流速仪记录相结合时，IES-GEM剪切转化为绝对速度剖面。与早期分析的比较也将允许对传统的、广泛使用的分析技术的性能进行评估。此外，来自水平电场记录仪的一些重要数据将首次被分析，以获取有关墨西哥湾流结构和变化的信息。

ABSTRACTOCE-0352256As the strongest element of the wind-driven circulation in the North Atlantic, the Gulf Stream has been a focus of extensive empirical studies, theoretical debate and modeling simulations. Its characteristics have always been prominent metrics by which the verisimilitude of numerical models has been judged. Despite this attention, there are important characteristics of the Gulf Stream between Cape Hatteras and the Grand Banks that remain poorly known. As a cost-effective means of acquiring more information and insight, the PI's will analyze existing data from the Gulf Stream that either have not been analyzed before or can be analyzed more accurately and completely now. The data in question were collected during the two-year (1988-1990) Synoptic Ocean Prediction (SYNOP) experiment, the most comprehensive experiment ever conducted in the Gulf Stream. While the original SYNOP investigators have completed outstanding studies of the Gulf Stream's kinematics and dynamics with the SYNOP data, there is still a wealth of information locked within that data, because only in the past four years have analysis techniques been developed which can take full advantage of the numerous Inverted Echo Sounder (IES) recorders) or process the moored current and temperature data without the biases arising from inadequate corrections for mooring motion and inaccurate projection into "stream" coordinates. This methodology employs historical hydrographic data in the vicinity of an IES array to construct a temperature function (called the gravest empirical mode, or GEM) with the independent variables depth (actually pressure) and seafloor-to-sea surface acoustic travel time. It will allow independent estimates of GS structure and transport. When the IES-GEM shears are combined with either the HEF transports, or bottom pressure plus near-bottom current meter records, the IES-GEM shears are transformed into absolute velocity profiles. Comparison with earlier analyses will also allow an assessment of the performance of traditional, widely used, analysis techniques. In addition, some important data, from Horizontal Electric Field Recorders, will be analyzed for the first time for its information about the Gulf Stream's structure and variability .