Collaborative Research: Using multi-proxy paleo data to constrain natural and anthropogenic hydrographic variability in the Gulf of Maine System over the last 250 years

合作研究：使用多代理古数据限制过去 250 年来缅因湾系统的自然和人为水文变化

• 批准号: 2333620
• 负责人: Branwen Williams
• 金额: $ 15.77万
• 依托单位: Claremont McKenna College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2333620&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Using; multi; proxy

The Gulf of Maine is located in the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Its waters serve as home to the economically important Atlantic Cod and shellfish industry. But recent changes to this environment pose a threat to the ecosystem and the commercial fishing industry. However, only a few long-term records of the environment exist in this area making it difficult to tell exactly when these changes started and how much is related to human activities. In this project, a team of researchers from three universities will construct a 250-year history of the regional environment by measuring yearly growth bands in local clams and algae. Chemical fingerprints in these growth bands will be used to determine the water temperature, salinity, biological productivity and pH conditions. This allow scientists to study how natural changes have affected the environment and compare these to changes caused by greenhouse global warming. This information will inform policy decisions of the newly-formed Maine Climate Council on how to better manage this area. The proposed work will also support training for early career scientists, broaden participation in science programs, and support undergraduate research opportunities. Specifically, the team will use a multi-pronged approach using geochemical proxies in two types of high-resolution marine climate archives (clams and crustose coralline algae) to reconstruct past changes in oceanographic conditions, including near surface seawater temperatures, salinity, and pH in the Gulf of Maine through the last 250 years. Geochemical fingerprints (or proxies) preserved in the annual growth bands of clam shells and skeletons of long-lived marine calcifiers have been used extensively as archives of past ocean conditions. Discrete calcium carbonate layers can be sampled from the growth bands of clams and crustose coralline algae for geochemical analysis, generating proxy archive records. These reconstructions of past environmental conditions fill data gaps prior to instrumental records. Hence, the proposed research will potentially yield several multi-centennial, annually-resolved, absolutely-dated datasets of oceanographic variability in the Northwestern Atlantic, including the Gulf of Maine, prior to the Industrial Revolution, which will be used to evaluate the role of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, and other climate forcings, on observed changes. By combining new data derived from traditional and novel proxies with existing hydrographic records, the relative contributions of source waters into the Gulf of Maine through time will be characterized to better understand the drivers of variability within the Gulf of Maine. Understanding past oceanographic variability in the Gulf of Maine is therefore critical for predicting the likely extent and magnitude of future change, and for planning to safeguard ecosystems and fisheries. Results will be widely disseminated to science and non-science audiences through publications, conference presentations, mentoring programs, coursework, and outreach activities at area schools, museums, and science centers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

缅因州湾位于西北大西洋。它的水是经济上重要的大西洋鳕鱼和贝类行业的家园。 但是，这种环境的最新变化对生态系统和商业捕鱼行业构成了威胁。 但是，在该领域只有少数关于环境的长期记录，因此很难确切地分辨出这些变化何时开始以及与人类活动有关。 在这个项目中，来自三所大学的一组研究人员将通过衡量当地蛤和藻类的年度增长带来建立250年的区域环境历史。 这些生长带中的化学指纹将用于确定水温，盐度，生物生产力和pH状况。这使科学家可以研究自然变化如何影响环境，并将这些变化与温室全球变暖引起的变化进行比较。 这些信息将为新成立的缅因州气候委员会的政策决定提供有关如何更好地管理这一领域的政策决定。拟议的工作还将支持早​​期职业科学家的培训，扩大参与科学课程并支持本科研究机会。具体而言，该团队将使用一种多管制方法，使用两种类型的高分辨率海洋气候档案（蛤lam和cor虫珊瑚藻类）中的地球化学代理来重建过去的海洋条件变化，包括近250年的缅因州墨西哥湾的近地面海水温度，盐度和pH。在蛤壳的年生长带和长寿命海钙化器的年度生长带中保存的地球化学指纹（或代理）已被广泛用作过去海洋条件的档案。可以从蛤lam的生长带和地壳珊瑚藻类的生长带中取样离散的碳酸钙层，以进行地球化学分析，从而产生代理档案记录。这些过去环境条件的重建填补了仪器记录之前的数据空白。因此，拟议的研究将有可能产生几个多中心，每年分辨，绝对日期的海洋学可变性数据集，包括西北大西洋，包括缅因州，包括缅因州，工业革命之前的缅因州，这些数据将用于评估大西洋子午线的循环循环循环，其他气候变化的作用。通过将源自传统和新型代理的新数据与现有的水文记录相结合，可以通过时间来表征来源水域对缅因州海湾的相对贡献，以更好地了解缅因州海湾内变异性的驱动因素。因此，了解缅因州海湾过去的海洋学变异性对于预测未来变化的可能程度和幅度以及计划保护生态系统和渔业至关重要。结果将通过出版物，会议演讲，指导计划，课程工作以及在地区学校，博物馆和科学中心的宣传活动中广泛传播到科学和非科学受众群体。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得通过基金会的智力和更广泛影响的评估来通过评估来获得支持的。