U.S.-New Zealand and Australia Cooperative Research: Studies in Reactive Oxygen Species in Aquatic Environments

0353210合作该奖项支持北卡罗来纳大学威尔明顿分校的威廉·库珀博士与新西兰和澳大利亚最近建立的同事进行为期三年的合作研究互动。它还使北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的一名女本科生能够参与新西兰的这项研究。库珀教授的主要合作者是奥塔哥大学化学系的巴里·皮克博士和新南威尔士大学(新南威尔士大学)土木与环境工程学院和水与废物技术中心的T·大卫·韦特博士。新西兰的其他项目参与者包括库珀博士的一名美国研究生，他的资金来自其他来源。新西兰的研究重点是两个活性氧物种(ROS)、超氧阴离子O2-和过氧化氢(H2O2)在几个截然不同的环境中的水化学。新西兰有三个具体的研究目标。1)研究消耗的平流层臭氧(即UV-B增加)对淡水(蓄水水库和流动溪流)以及沿海海洋和河口的地表水光化学(即ROS的形成)的影响。2)继续对Robert Kieber博士1999年初在新西兰休假期间在几个地点收集的雨水中过氧化氢的可变性进行研究，并将这些关于雨水的数据扩展到平流层臭氧消耗区域对流层中的过氧化氢浓度。3)进行研究，以进一步了解有害藻华期间ROS与浮游植物产生毒素的关系。澳大利亚的这项研究将是库珀博士2003年在新南威尔士大学休假期间开始的研究的继续。这项工作是在高级氧化过程“芬顿化学”的动力学建模领域进行的。科学价值大气臭氧通量是人们关注的焦点，因为它在全球变化中扮演着重要角色。这项工作还将侧重于产生过氧化氢的生物和非生物来源；初步结果表明，在某些情况下，微生物和藻类来源可能超过光化学来源。因此，对水环境中活性氧物种来源和行为的更好的理解和建模也可能有助于旨在相关污染缓解程序的环境工程工作。广泛影响这项合作研究涉及美国研究生以及北卡罗来纳大学威尔明顿分校的一名女本科生。国际和平研究所的目的是，所支持的访问将坚定地确立和推进几项研究，这些研究将涉及与他在新西兰和澳大利亚的新伙伴的长期合作。该中心将筹备一系列讲座，内容包括辐射化学、臭氧处理压载水，以及ROS与有害浮游藻类的关系。库珀博士、皮克博士和韦特博士计划召开一次名为“环境中的自由基化学”的国际研讨会。它已被接受列入2005年环太平洋化学大会(2005年太平洋)。该奖项支持的首次访问也将用于协调本次会议的规划。这个项目的研究成果将在这次会议上展示，其中一些成果是由参与该项目的美国学生提出的。

0353210CooperThis award supports three years of collaborative research interaction by Dr William Cooper of the University of North Carolina at Wilmington with recently established colleagues in New Zealand and Australia. It also enables a female undergraduate student from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to partipate in the research in New Zealand. Professor Cooper's primary collaborators are Dr. Barrie Peake, University of Otago, Department of Chemistry, and Dr. T. David Waite, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Centre for Water and Waste Technology, University of New South Wales (UNSW.) Other project participants in New Zealand include a U.S. graduate student of Dr. Cooper's who is funded from other sources.The main focus of the research in New Zealand is the aquatic chemistry of two reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide radical anion, O2- , and hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, in several distinctly different environments. There are three specific research objectives in New Zealand. 1) To study the effect of depleted stratospheric ozone (i.e. increased UV-B) on surface water photochemistry (i.e. the formation of ROS) in both fresh waters (impounded water reservoirs and running streams) and coastal oceans and estuaries. 2) To continue a study of the variability of H2O2 in rain collected at several sites that was initiated by Dr. Robert Kieber during his sabbatical in New Zealand in early 1999 and to extend these data on rainwater to the concentration of H2O2 in the troposphere in regions of depleted stratospheric ozone. 3) To conduct studies to obtain a better understanding of the relationship of ROS and the production of toxins by phytoplankton during harmful algal bloom. The research in Australia will be a continuation of studies begun by Dr. Cooper during his 2003 sabbatical at UNSW. This work is in the area of kinetic modeling of an Advanced Oxidation Process, "Fenton's chemistry." Scientific MeritThe flux of atmospheric ozone is the focus of substantial attention because of the role it plays in global change. This work will also focus on biologic and non-biologic sources of hydrogen peroxide production; preliminary results suggest that in some cases microbial and algal sources may outweigh photochemical sources. Improved understanding and modeling of the sources and behavior of reactive oxygen species in aquatic environments may therefore also contribute to work in environmental engineering aimed at relevant pollution abatement procedures.Broader ImpactThe collaborative research involves U.S. graduate students as well as a female undergraduate student from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. The PI intends that the supported visits will firmly establish and advance several lines of research that will involve long-term collaboration with his new partners in New Zealand and Australian. The PI will prepare a series of lectures on radiation chemistry, ballast water treatment with ozone, and the relationship of ROS and harmful algal phytoplankton. Dr. Cooper and Drs. Peake and Waite have planned an international symposium entitled "Free Radical Chemistry in the Environment." It has been accepted for inclusion in the 2005 Chemical Congress of the Pacific Rim (Pacifichem 2005). The initial visit supported by this award will also be used for coordinating the planning of this meeting. The research results of this project will be presented at this conference, some of them by the U.S. students that are involved in the project.