U.S.-New Zealand and Australia Cooperative Research: Studies in Reactive Oxygen Species in Aquatic Environments

0353210库珀这个奖项支持三年的合作研究互动的威尔明顿的北卡罗来纳州大学的威廉库珀博士与最近成立的同事在新西兰和澳大利亚。 它还使查佩尔山的北卡罗来纳州大学的一名女本科生能够参加在新西兰的研究。库珀教授的主要合作者是奥塔哥大学化学系的巴里皮克博士和T。大卫韦特，土木和环境工程学院和水和废物技术中心，新南威尔士大学（UNSW）。新西兰的其他项目参与者包括库珀博士的一名美国研究生，他的资金来自其他来源。新西兰研究的主要重点是两种活性氧（ROS），超氧自由基阴离子（O2-）和过氧化氢（H2 O2）在几种明显不同的环境中的水生化学。新西兰有三个具体的研究目标。1)研究平流层臭氧损耗（即紫外线-B增加）对淡水（蓄水池和流动溪流）和沿海海洋及河口的沃茨表层水光化学（即活性氧的形成）的影响。2)继续研究Robert Kieber博士于1999年初在新西兰休假期间发起的在几个地点收集的雨水中H2 O2的变化情况，并将这些雨水数据扩大到平流层臭氧枯竭地区对流层中H2 O2的浓度。 3)开展研究，以更好地了解有害藻华期间活性氧与浮游植物产生毒素的关系。澳大利亚的研究将是库珀博士2003年在新南威尔士大学休假期间开始的研究的继续。这项工作属于高级氧化过程的动力学建模领域，即芬顿化学。“科学价值大气臭氧的通量是人们关注的焦点，因为它在全球变化中发挥着作用。这项工作还将侧重于过氧化氢生产的生物和非生物来源;初步结果表明，在某些情况下，微生物和藻类来源可能超过光化学来源。 改进的理解和模拟的来源和行为的活性氧物种在水生环境中，因此，也有助于在环境工程工作，旨在相关的污染减排programmes.Broader ImpactThe合作研究涉及美国研究生以及一名女本科生从北卡罗来纳州大学在威尔明顿。主要研究者希望，所支持的访问将牢固地建立和推进几条研究路线，这些研究路线将涉及与他在新西兰和澳大利亚的新合作伙伴的长期合作。PI将准备一系列关于辐射化学，臭氧压载水处理以及ROS和有害藻类浮游植物的关系的讲座。库珀博士、皮克博士和韦特博士计划举办一次题为“环境中的自由基化学”的国际研讨会。“它已被接受列入2005年环太平洋化学品大会（Pacificem 2005）。该奖项支持的首次访问也将用于协调本次会议的规划。该项目的研究成果将在本次会议上发表，其中一些成果将由参与该项目的美国学生发表。

0353210CooperThis award supports three years of collaborative research interaction by Dr William Cooper of the University of North Carolina at Wilmington with recently established colleagues in New Zealand and Australia. It also enables a female undergraduate student from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to partipate in the research in New Zealand. Professor Cooper's primary collaborators are Dr. Barrie Peake, University of Otago, Department of Chemistry, and Dr. T. David Waite, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Centre for Water and Waste Technology, University of New South Wales (UNSW.) Other project participants in New Zealand include a U.S. graduate student of Dr. Cooper's who is funded from other sources.The main focus of the research in New Zealand is the aquatic chemistry of two reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide radical anion, O2- , and hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, in several distinctly different environments. There are three specific research objectives in New Zealand. 1) To study the effect of depleted stratospheric ozone (i.e. increased UV-B) on surface water photochemistry (i.e. the formation of ROS) in both fresh waters (impounded water reservoirs and running streams) and coastal oceans and estuaries. 2) To continue a study of the variability of H2O2 in rain collected at several sites that was initiated by Dr. Robert Kieber during his sabbatical in New Zealand in early 1999 and to extend these data on rainwater to the concentration of H2O2 in the troposphere in regions of depleted stratospheric ozone. 3) To conduct studies to obtain a better understanding of the relationship of ROS and the production of toxins by phytoplankton during harmful algal bloom. The research in Australia will be a continuation of studies begun by Dr. Cooper during his 2003 sabbatical at UNSW. This work is in the area of kinetic modeling of an Advanced Oxidation Process, "Fenton's chemistry." Scientific MeritThe flux of atmospheric ozone is the focus of substantial attention because of the role it plays in global change. This work will also focus on biologic and non-biologic sources of hydrogen peroxide production; preliminary results suggest that in some cases microbial and algal sources may outweigh photochemical sources. Improved understanding and modeling of the sources and behavior of reactive oxygen species in aquatic environments may therefore also contribute to work in environmental engineering aimed at relevant pollution abatement procedures.Broader ImpactThe collaborative research involves U.S. graduate students as well as a female undergraduate student from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. The PI intends that the supported visits will firmly establish and advance several lines of research that will involve long-term collaboration with his new partners in New Zealand and Australian. The PI will prepare a series of lectures on radiation chemistry, ballast water treatment with ozone, and the relationship of ROS and harmful algal phytoplankton. Dr. Cooper and Drs. Peake and Waite have planned an international symposium entitled "Free Radical Chemistry in the Environment." It has been accepted for inclusion in the 2005 Chemical Congress of the Pacific Rim (Pacifichem 2005). The initial visit supported by this award will also be used for coordinating the planning of this meeting. The research results of this project will be presented at this conference, some of them by the U.S. students that are involved in the project.