PIRE: Wildfire feedbacks and consequences of altered fire regimes in the face of climate and land-use change in Tasmania, New Zealand, and the western U.S.

PIRE：塔斯马尼亚、新西兰和美国西部面临气候和土地利用变化时野火的反馈和火灾制度改变的后果

• 批准号: 0966472
• 负责人: Cathy Whitlock
• 金额: $ 385万
• 依托单位: Montana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0966472&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PIRE; Wildfire; feedbacks; consequences; altered

Fire is an important natural disturbance in forested ecosystems around the world and serves as a critical but poorly understood link between climate change and biosphere response. In recent decades, drought, land-cover alteration, and non-native plant invasions have altered natural fire regimes at an alarming rate, and in the process threatened native biodiversity and human well-being across the planet. This interdisciplinary PIRE project focuses on similarities and contrasts in fire, climate, and land-use interactions in Australia, New Zealand and the U.S. because all have experienced extreme drought, rapid land-use change and past and present devastating fires. The main research questions to be addressed in this project are: 1) To what extent are prehistoric and modern fire regimes shaped by climate, landscape and fuel arrangements, and human activities? 2) How has the well-documented warming of the late 20th century altered wildfire activity in comparison with the variability of these fire regimes at centennial and millennial time scales? 3) How does understanding the historical range of variability of wildfire activity inform decision making with respect to mitigating and adapting to climate change impacts over the next several decades? State-of-the-art field, laboratory, and modeling tools will be used to reconstruct past and current fire regimes in multiple watersheds and increase our understanding of regional and hemispheric fire-climate linkages and land-use feedbacks. Each country's personnel lend unique expertise to this interdisciplinary team of biologists, geographers, geoscientists, paleoclimatologists, and anthropologists who will draw from and integrate techniques in paleoecology, paleoclimatology, dendroecology, GIS science and remote sensing, and fire behavior modeling to examine the past and present role of fire in the biosphere. The PIRE team anticipates that such a broad and integrated approach will help provide the scientific results necessary to guide current and future fire-related land-use decisions. The U.S. educational impacts include the training of two early-career scientists, two postdoctoral research associates, four graduate students, and 14 undergraduate students over a five year period. Educational activities range from undergraduate internships to graduate and postdoctoral fellowships, and two international scientific workshops that will provide training for students and professionals about international issues in fire science, global change, and land management. Team-taught courses, online courses and discussions, and educational materials will be developed and made available to academic institutions, government agencies, and NGOs. One unique feature of this PIRE project is the participation of young filmmakers and scientists to produce high-quality media products to extend the project's outreach to popular science and natural history web platforms. The PIRE project will team with Montana State University (MSU)'s Science and Natural History Filmmaking program, which trains science graduate students to create accurate and compelling media that communicate STEM disciplines to the public. Podcasts of WildFIRE PIRE research and discoveries will be available through the project's webpage as well as via MSU's award-winning science and natural history website TERRA: The Nature of Our World. An MFA student in the program and an undergraduate intern will gain valuable field-based experience planning, directing, and producing mini-documentary podcasts describing and reporting on the PIRE project's fire research and science. Institutional impacts of the project include strengthening international collaborations among partners and linkages to the global fire science community. The project's research addresses national priorities in the U.S., Australia, and New Zealand concerning climate change, fire, ecosystem management, and sustaining native biodiversity. It will also enhance and contribute to international fire programs, including International Geosphere Biosphere Program Cross-Project Fire Initiative and Core Program Activities; the UK-based Global Paleofire Working Group; and NOAA's International Multi-proxy Paleofire Database to study fire globally. In addition, including undergraduates from across the country, including from tribal colleges, in the overseas field research and outreach experiences will help the U.S. institutions recruit and retain a diverse and globally engaged cadre of undergraduates. At a state level, the project supports university efforts to build partnerships with communities, businesses, state government and other educational entities that will help align science education and research with pressing social and economic challenges within the state. Results of the project will provide: (1) a better understanding of the direct and indirect role of humans, climate, and fire feedbacks on ecosystem processes that operate at different temporal and spatial scales; (2) information on the historical range of variability of fire conditions necessary to assess current fire activity, risk and hazard in different settings, relative to that of the late 20th century; (3) development of new approaches that link historical with modern fire science and empirical with modeled reconstructions; and (4) training for current and future international fire scientists. The U.S. institutions partnering in this project include Montana State University at Bozeman, the University of Idaho, the University of Colorado at Boulder, and the USDA Forest Service's Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory (MT). The Australia partners are the University of Tasmania and Australian National University. The New Zealand partners are Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research and the University of Auckland.This project is co-funded by NSF's Office of International Science and Engineering, the Division of Earth Sciences, the Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, the Division of Environmental Biology, the Division of Human Resource Development (Tribal Colleges and Universities Program) and the Division of Research on Learning in Formal and Informal Settings.

火灾是世界各地森林生态系统的一种重要自然扰动，是气候变化与生物圈响应之间的关键但人们知之甚少的联系。近几十年来，干旱、土地覆盖变化和非本地植物入侵以惊人的速度改变了自然火灾状况，并在此过程中威胁到全球本地生物多样性和人类福祉。这个跨学科的 PIRE 项目重点关注澳大利亚、新西兰和美国在火灾、气候和土地利用相互作用方面的相似性和对比，因为它们都经历了极端干旱、土地利用的快速变化以及过去和现在的毁灭性火灾。该项目要解决的主要研究问题是：1）史前和现代火灾状况在多大程度上受到气候、景观和燃料安排以及人类活动的影响？ 2) 与这些火灾状况在百年和千年时间尺度上的变化相比，20 世纪末有据可查的变暖如何改变了野火活动？ 3) 了解野火活动的历史变化范围如何为未来几十年减轻和适应气候变化影响的决策提供信息？最先进的现场、实验室和建模工具将用于重建多个流域过去和当前的火灾状况，并增加我们对区域和半球火灾与气候联系以及土地利用反馈的理解。每个国家的人员都为这个由生物学家、地理学家、地球科学家、古气候学家和人类学家组成的跨学科团队提供独特的专业知识，他们将借鉴并整合古生态学、古气候学、树木生态学、GIS 科学和遥感以及火灾行为建模技术，以研究火灾在过去和现在在生物圈中的作用。 PIRE 团队预计，这种广泛而综合的方法将有助于提供指导当前和未来与火灾相关的土地利用决策所需的科学结果。美国的教育影响包括在五年内培训了两名早期职业科学家、两名博士后研究员、四名研究生和 14 名本科生。教育活动范围从本科生实习到研究生和博士后奖学金，以及两个国际科学研讨会，将为学生和专业人员提供有关火灾科学、全球变化和土地管理等国际问题的培训。将开发团队授课的课程、在线课程和讨论以及教育材料，并向学术机构、政府机构和非政府组织提供。该 PIRE 项目的一个独特之处是年轻电影制作人和科学家的参与，制作高质量的媒体产品，以将该项目的影响力扩展到科普和自然历史网络平台。 PIRE 项目将与蒙大拿州立大学 (MSU) 的科学和自然历史电影制作项目合作，该项目培训科学研究生创造准确且引人注目的媒体，向公众传播 STEM 学科。 WildFIRE PIRE 研究和发现的播客将通过该项目的网页以及密歇根州立大学屡获殊荣的科学和自然历史网站 TERRA：我们世界的本质提供。该项目的 MFA 学生和本科生实习生将获得宝贵的实地经验，包括规划、指导和制作迷你纪录片播客，描述和报道 PIRE 项目的火灾研究和科学。该项目的机构影响包括加强合作伙伴之间的国际合作以及与全球火灾科学界的联系。该项目的研究涉及美国、澳大利亚和新西兰有关气候变化、火灾、生态系统管理和维持本土生物多样性的国家优先事项。它还将加强和促进国际消防计划，包括国际地圈生物圈计划跨项目消防倡议和核心计划活动；总部位于英国的全球古火工作组；以及 NOAA 的国际多代理古火数据库，用于研究全球火灾。此外，让来自全国各地（包括来自部落学院）的本科生参与海外实地研究和推广经验将有助于美国机构招募和留住多元化和全球参与的本科生骨干队伍。在州一级，该项目支持大学努力与社区、企业、州政府和其他教育实体建立伙伴关系，这将有助于使科学教育和研究与州内紧迫的社会和经济挑战保持一致。该项目的结果将提供：（1）更好地了解人类、气候和火灾反馈对不同时间和空间尺度上运行的生态系统过程的直接和间接作用； (2) 与 20 世纪末相比，评估不同环境下当前火灾活动、风险和危害所需的火灾条件历史变化范围的信息； (3) 开发将历史与现代火灾科学联系起来、将经验与模型重建联系起来的新方法； (4) 为当前和未来的国际火灾科学家提供培训。参与该项目的美国机构包括蒙大拿州立大学博兹曼分校、爱达荷大学、科罗拉多大学博尔德分校和美国农业部林务局的米苏拉火灾科学实验室 (MT)。澳大利亚合作伙伴是塔斯马尼亚大学和澳大利亚国立大学。新西兰的合作伙伴是Manaaki Whenua - 土地保护研究中心和奥克兰大学。该项目由美国国家科学基金会国际科学与工程办公室、地球科学部、行为和认知科学部、环境生物学部、人力资源开发部（部落学院和大学项目）以及正式和非正式环境学习研究部共同资助。

项目成果

Insights into the indigenous-managed landscape in southeast Australia during the Holocene

深入了解全新世期间澳大利亚东南部土著管理的景观

• DOI: 10.1007/s00334-023-00918-0
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Adeleye, Matthew Adesanya;Haberle, Simon Graeme;Hopf, Felicitas;Harris, Stephen;McWethy, David Burch
• 通讯作者: McWethy, David Burch