Theoretical Nuclear Physics: A Group Proposal

理论核物理：小组提案

• 批准号: 0355014
• 负责人: Gordon Baym
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0355014&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Theoretical; Nuclear; Physics; Group; Proposal

This project is a continuation of the program now in progress which aims to develop fundamental theory of nuclear and other many-particle systems, including applications to astrophysical and condensed matter systems. The theories of nuclear systems being developed will be capable of unifying all available data from present and future experiments at facilities including the Continuous Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF), National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory(NCSL), the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC), and the proposed Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA). Among the works are basic studies of nuclear forces, currents, structure and reactions, properties of nuclear matter, and nucleon and hadron structure. A major focus is on understanding new states of matter that are formed under extreme conditions of temperatures and pressures, e.g., quark gluon plasmas formed in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions, including color superconductivity and its consequences. Nuclear processes and properties underly the structure and evolution of stars. The present program applies nuclear theory to neutron stars, nuclear reactions in the cosmos, and supernovae, with the aim of explaining observations and using observations to learn properties of matter under extreme conditions. Research on neutron stars includes the structure of the crust, equation of state and superfluid properties of cold nuclear matter, possible transition to quark matter cores, including droplet and novel superconducting phases. Production, absorption, and scattering rates of neutrinos in hot and dense nuclear matter are studied along with the equation of state and composition. The strong theoretical connections between nuclear systems and condensed matter systems allow important cross-fertilization between these areas. The condensed matter part of this program continues a long-standing complementary effort to gain theoretical understanding of unusual states of matter. Topics currently being studied include Bose-Einstein condensation in magnetically trapped atomic systems, including states at high rotation, and correlation effects arising from interactions between particles. Broader Impact Understanding how nuclear processes and properties govern the evolution of galaxies and the energy generation in stars, including our sun, is an essential step in describing the universe in which we live. The nuclear world operates on length scales a million times smaller than that of the atomic world, and thus provides a deeper view of the structure of matter in the universe. A crucial aspect of this program is to bring out the ways in which underlying interactions between constituents of systems on scales from nuclear to condensed matter to astrophysical govern the system's structure and dynamics. The nuclear and condensed matter systems being studied are very unusual many-body systems that provide unique intellectual insights. A vital component of this research program is its active tradition of training students and postdoctoral researchers. The group attracts able students and postdocs who, through the broad training they receive and their intimate involvement in the research of the group, develop the ability to combine nuclear, particle, astro and condensed matter physics research on forefront problems. The young scientists trained in this program generally go on to have significant impact in research at universities and national laboratories.

该项目是目前正在进行的计划的延续，该计划旨在发展核和其他多粒子系统的基础理论，包括天体物理和凝聚态系统的应用。正在开发的核系统理论将能够统一所有现有和未来实验的数据，包括连续束加速器设施（CEBAF），国家超导回旋加速器实验室（NCSL），相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）和拟议的稀有同位素加速器（RIA）。其中包括核力、电流、结构和反应、核物质性质以及核子和强子结构的基础研究。一个主要重点是了解在极端温度和压力条件下形成的新物质状态，例如，超相对论重离子碰撞中形成的夸克胶子等离子体，包括色超导及其后果。核过程和性质是恒星结构和演化的基础。本计划将核理论应用于中子星，宇宙中的核反应和超新星，目的是解释观测结果，并利用观测结果来了解极端条件下物质的性质。对中子星的研究包括地壳结构、冷核物质的状态方程和超流性质、向夸克物质核的可能转变，包括液滴和新的超导相。利用状态方程和组分方程，沿着研究了中微子在热而致密的核物质中的产生、吸收和散射速率。核系统和凝聚态系统之间的强有力的理论联系允许这些领域之间的重要交叉。该计划的凝聚态部分继续长期的补充努力，以获得对物质的不寻常状态的理论理解。目前正在研究的主题包括磁捕获原子系统中的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚，包括高旋转状态，以及粒子之间相互作用产生的相关效应。了解核过程和性质如何支配星系的演化以及恒星（包括太阳）的能量产生，是描述我们所生活的宇宙的重要一步。原子核世界的长度尺度比原子世界小一百万倍，因此提供了对宇宙物质结构的更深层次的看法。该计划的一个关键方面是提出从核到凝聚态到天体物理尺度上系统组成部分之间的潜在相互作用如何支配系统的结构和动力学。正在研究的核和凝聚态系统是非常不寻常的多体系统，提供了独特的知识见解。该研究计划的一个重要组成部分是其培养学生和博士后研究人员的积极传统。该小组吸引了有能力的学生和博士后，他们通过广泛的培训和他们在小组的研究中的亲密参与，发展了联合收割机结合核，粒子，天文和凝聚态物理研究前沿问题的能力。在该计划中培训的年轻科学家通常会在大学和国家实验室的研究中产生重大影响。