CAREER: Development of Reactor Systems for Treatment of Non Point Source Pollution

传统的工程模型是为特定问题找到有效的解决方案，以人类消费者为焦点，经济学为主要驱动力。这种模式往往导致对问题的简化方法，未能考虑到导致可持续解决方案的因素。可持续性要求从环境、社会和经济等多个角度考虑长期影响。有效的工程师能够将这些资源汇集在一起，并将其与技术创新相结合，以提供持久且不会对后代造成伤害的解决方案。和发展的过程和系统，显着减少或完全防止污染是三个主要要求的环境持续发展社会可持续性既需要公正，也需要考虑到有关文化。为了获得经济上的可持续性，一个过程或系统必须表现出长期的盈利能力，或至少没有相当大的收入损失或对所涉个人和/或实体的生活质量产生负面影响。必须在一个整体框架内考虑这些问题，必须系统地处理这些问题。虽然这些考虑和要求并不包括在内，但它们为处理可持续性问题提供了一个良好的起点，本研究的目标是评估太阳光化学处理的功效，包括电增强光化学处理，用于此类应用，重点是雨水径流和化粪池系统。拟议教育活动的总体目标是在南卡罗来纳州大学为大学预科生、本科生和研究生提供学习可持续性和了解必要的多学科概念的机会。特别强调将放在学生在土木和环境工程。这个研究计划将包括四个阶段。在第一阶段，重点将放在开发一种固定化催化剂上，这种催化剂易于制备，价格低廉，可作为电化学反应的阳极。 在第二阶段将进行实验室和太阳模拟研究，以评价电场增强对光化学过程的影响，并确定动力学参数。一系列的实验将进行各种流态，活塞流，批处理和完全混合流，使用模型污染物产生的动力学流动模型。反应堆设计将在第三阶段进行。将根据动力学流动模型选择两个或三个最有前途的反应器方案，进行设计、建造、测试和优化。 第四阶段和最后阶段的试验评估将选择第几阶段的反应堆设计之一。

The traditional model for engineering is finding an efficient solution to specific problems, with the human consumer as the focus and economics as the primary driving force. This model often leads to a reductionist approach toproblems and fails to take into account factors that lead to sustainable solutions. Sustainability requires the consideration of longer-term effects from multiple points of view, environmental, social and economic. The effective engineer is capable of bringing together these resources and combining them with technical innovations to provide solutions that will last and do no harm to the generations to follow.Remediation and destruction of persistent pollutants, development and use of renewable energy sources and resources, and development of processes and system that significantly reduce or altogether prevent pollution are three of the primary requirements for environmental sustainability. Social sustainability requires both justice and consideration of the cultures of concern. In order to obtain economic sustainability a process or system must exhibit long term profitability or at minimum, no considerable loss of income or negative effect on the quality of life for the persons and/or entities involved. These issues must be considered in a holistic framework and problems must be approached systemically. While these considerations and requirements are not inclusive, they provide a good starting point for dealing with the issues of sustainability.The goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of solar photochemical treatment, including electrically enhanced photochemical treatment, for such applications, with emphasis on stormwater runoff and septic systems. The overall goal of the proposed education activities is to provide opportunities at the University of South Carolina for pre-college, undergraduate and graduate students to learn about sustainability and develop an understanding of necessary multidisciplinary concepts. Particular emphasis will be placed on students in civil and environmental engineering.This research program will consist of four phases. In the first phase, the concentration will be on the development of an immobilized catalyst that is easy to prepare, inexpensive and can act as an anode for electrochemical reactions. Laboratory and solar simulation studies will be used in the second phase to evaluate the effect of electric field enhancement on the photochemical process and determine kinetic parameters. A series of experiments will be conducted in various flow regimes, plug-flow, batch and completely mixed flow, using model contaminants resulting in kinetic flow models. Reactor design will take place in the third phase. The two or three most promising reactor schemes, selected based on the kinetic flow model, will be designed built, tested and optimized. One of the reactor designs of phase several will be selected for the pilot evaluations in the fourth and final phase.