Collaborative Research: A Parameterization of Near-Shore Ocean Chemical Dynamics for Global Ocean Circulation/Carbon Cycle Models

在这个项目中，芝加哥大学和新罕布什尔大学的研究人员将开发一种浅水碳循环的参数化方法，以便将其纳入全球尺度的海洋碳循环模型（以下简称GCMs）。必然地，gcm的网格过于粗糙，无法解决浅水的物理和生物化学问题，因此在处理有机碳掩埋、反硝化和CaCO3补偿等过程时受到影响。因此，它们没有考虑到海洋边缘对全球海洋碳循环和气候的影响。许多区域性研究已经考察了大陆架在输出碳、铁和作为氮汇方面的作用。因此，综合这些实地研究的数据，检查沉积物-水通量和跨大陆架生物地球化学运输对各种参数的敏感性，并建立一个参数化，以捕获海洋边缘在冰期-间冰期时间尺度上对全球海洋碳循环的贡献，似乎是及时的。作为第一步，该项目将专注于基于两个区域建立这样一个参数化，这两个区域已被广泛研究，但其特征不同：美国东部大陆架和美国西部俄勒冈州和加利福尼亚州海岸。它将根据大陆架的宽度和深度、风应力和开放海洋环流的变化以及大陆径流等参数采取行动，同时使用mud模型来估计沉积物-水通量。沿海生物地球化学通量对这些参数的敏感性将通过为这些地点配置的高分辨率沿海海洋环流模型进行测试，然后推广到其他区域。然后，参数化将与每个沿海网格点的GCM耦合，提供进出沿海水域和沉积物的化学通量。完整模式（GCM +沿海子模式）将用于评估浅水在响应冰期/间冰期海平面变化时对碳循环超过冰期旋回的影响。它还将用于未来评估浅水CaCO3溶解对化石燃料二氧化碳的响应。

ABSTRACTOCE-0327181 / OCE-0327120On this project, researchers at the University of Chicago and the University of New Hampshire will develop a parameterization of the shallow water carbon cycle for inclusion into global-scale ocean carbon cycle models (henceforth referred to as GCMs). GCMs are, by necessity, too coarsely gridded to resolve the physics and biochemistry of shallow waters and therefore suffer in their treatment of processes like the burial of organic carbon, denitrification, and CaCO3 compensation. As a result, they fail to incorporate the effect of the ocean margins on the global ocean carbon cycle and climate. Numerous regional studies have examined the role of the continental shelves in the export of carbon, iron, and as a sink for nitrogen. It therefore seems timely, to synthesize the data from such field studies, examine the sensitivity of sediment-water fluxes and across-shelf biogeochemical transport to various parameters, and build a parameterization that will capture the contribution of the ocean margins in the global ocean carbon cycle over glacial-interglacial time scales. As a first step, this project will focus on building such a parameterization based on two regions that have been extensively studied, but differ in their characteristics: The eastern US continental shelf and the western US coasts of Oregon and California. It will act in response to parameters like the width and depth of continental shelves, changes in wind stress and open ocean circulation, and continental runoff, while using the Muds model to estimate the sediment-water fluxes. The sensitivity of coastal biogeochemical fluxes to these parameters will be tested with a high resolution coastal ocean circulation model configured to these sites, before generalizing to other regions. The parameterization will then be coupled to a GCM at every coastal grid point, providing the chemical fluxes to and from coastal waters and sediments. The full model (GCM + coastal submodel) will be used to assess the effect of shallow waters on the carbon cycle over glacial cycles while responding to glacial / interglacial sea level change. It will also be used to make future assessments of the shallow water CaCO3 dissolution response to fossil fuel CO2.