FOR 1503: Space-Time Reference Systems for Monitoring Global Change and for Precise Navigation in Space

参照系的概念与对物体形状，特别是对地球形状的第一次几何考虑一样古老。因此，参考系是描述地球和空间中其他物体的几何学和运动学的不可或缺的组成部分。由于确定这些物体的几何性质变得越来越重要，适当的参照系的问题变得更加重要。今天，人们对空间物体的准确形状参数很感兴趣，而对地球来说，监测和量化全球变化是科学调查的重点。研究股的主要目标是制定综合方法和程序，以统一定义和实现地球和空间的参照系。尽管已经存在许多参照系的实现，但它们是独立使用的，并且存在不一致的问题。在观测能力不断增强以及社会和科学需求不断增加的环境中，将产生一个参照系框架，这些参照系与适当的精度水平保持一致，以保证为测量全球变化的几何效应以及在近地和深空进行高精度导航奠定坚实的基础。活跃在大地、天文和空间科学领域的各个团体的贡献将使参照系统的综合跨学科处理成为可能。为了将现有的天文和大地观测资料连接成一个一致的框架，有必要改进实现这一框架的理论基础和实践过程。在六个项目中，将进一步发展重心星历、与月球有关的系统和基于卫星的动态参考系统以及基于地面的系统，并将它们连贯地结合在一起。必须改进模型，以便将甚长基线干涉测量、精密全球定位系统、卫星激光测距和毫米精度的月球激光测距等不同空间大地测量的观测结合起来。最终的结果是，将以前所未有的精度为地球、人造卫星、月球、选定的行星和遥远的致密射电星系实现一套一致的参考系。

The concepts of reference systems are as old as the first geometric considerations of the shape of bodies in general and of the Earth in particular. Reference systems are, thus, an indispensable component for the description of the geometry and the kinematics of the Earth and other objects in space. Since the determination of geometrical properties of these objects has gained more and more relevance, the issues of the appropriate reference systems became even more important. Today, accurate form parameters of space objects are of interest while for the Earth monitoring and quantifying Global Change are in the focus of scientific investigations. The main objective of the Research Unit is to develop integrative methods and procedures for a consistent definition and realisation of reference systems on Earth and in space. Although many realisations of reference systems exist already, they are used independently and suffer from inconsistencies. In an environment of ever increasing observing capabilities as well as of social and scientific needs, a framework of reference systems will be produced, which are linked consistently with an appropriate level of accuracy to guarantee a solid basis for measuring geometric effects of Global Change and for high-precision navigation near Earth and in deep space. The contributions of various groups active in geodetic, astronomical and space sciences will enable a comprehensive interdisciplinary treatment of reference systems. In order to concatenate the existing astronomical and geodetic observing material into a consistent framework, it is necessary to improve the theoretical foundations and the practical processes for the realisation. In six projects, barycentric ephemerides, moon-related systems and satellite-based dynamic reference systems as well as Earth-based systems will be developed further and brought together consistently. Models have to be improved for the combination of the observations of different space-geodetic observations like Very Long Baseline Interferometry, precise GPS, Satellite Laser Ranging and Lunar Laser Ranging with millimetre accuracy. As a final result, a consistent set of reference systems for the Earth, artificial satellites, the Moon, selected planets and for the far-distant compact radio galaxies will be realised with unprecedented accuracy.