Diffusive Soil Transport and Hillslope Evolution

土壤扩散迁移和山坡演化

• 批准号: 0405119
• 负责人: David Furbish
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Vanderbilt University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-08-08 至 2008-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0405119&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Diffusive; Soil; Transport; Hillslope; Evolution

PIs will pursue a comprehensive theory of diffusive soil transport and hillslope evolution associated with biological activity and surface rainsplash, building on recent, key developments in hillslope geomorphology. Their objectives are: (i) to clarify the fundamental ingredients and forms of constitutive (transport) laws describing these processes, demonstrating the conditions under which transport is proportional to the land-surface gradient or to the product of the soil thickness and surface gradient; (ii) to provide the analogue of a kinetic theory for the diffusion-like coefficient used in hillslope evolution models, demonstrating how it is an explicit nonlinear function of soil-particle activity, particle size, soil porosity and soil thickness, and indirectly related to climatic and biological conditions; (iii) to experimentally obtain the form of the constitutive law for transport by rainsplash using high-speed video and particle tracking techniques; (iv) to illustrate the fundamental significance of particle-activity gradients in producing transport, and demonstrate this using sandbox experiments for the case of rainsplash, and using field measurements of soil properties and tracer particles for the case of subsurface transport; (v) to clarify the ingredients of surface and subsurface particle dispersal, mixing and sorting, demonstrating how these processes contribute to hillslope catena structure; and (vi) to develop an advanced computational model of diffusive transport and hillslope evolution for exploring the full coupling between land-surface geometry, soil transport, soil thickness and soil production, including nonlinear responses to external and boundary forcing. This four-year program will mesh theoretical, experimental, field-based and computational components. The PIs theoretical work will focus on clarifying: (i) the ingredients of particle dispersal, mixing and sorting soil-depth and catena scale; and (ii) the forms of constitutive transport laws. PIs experimental/field work will: (i) focus on the process of rainsplash, and on particle mixing and sorting within soils, and at the soil surface; and (ii) be designed to test/validate the theoretical and computational aspects of their work. They will also apply high-performance algorithms based on discontinuous spectral element methods in developing advanced computational codes for simulating particle behavior at the soil-depth scale, and for simulating hillslope evolution at geomorphic scales. Under the auspices of the Center for Earth Surface Processes Center (CESPR), this project will involve collaboration of scientists expert in geomorphology, fluid mechanics, applied mathematics and advanced computations. The results of this work will constitute a major, and critical, contribution to the growing theoretical foundation of hillslope geomorphology.

pi将在坡地地貌学的最新关键发展基础上，研究与生物活动和地表雨溅相关的扩散土壤运输和山坡演变的综合理论。他们的目标是：(i)澄清描述这些过程的构成（运输）规律的基本成分和形式，证明运输与陆地表面梯度或土壤厚度和表面梯度的乘积成正比的条件；（ii）为山坡演化模型中使用的类扩散系数提供动力学理论的模拟，证明它是土壤颗粒活性、颗粒大小、土壤孔隙度和土壤厚度的明确非线性函数，并与气候和生物条件间接相关；（iii）利用高速视频和粒子跟踪技术，通过实验获得雨滴传播的本构律形式；（iv）说明颗粒活性梯度在产生输运过程中的基本意义，并在雨溅的情况下使用沙盒实验，在地下输运的情况下使用土壤性质和示踪颗粒的现场测量来证明这一点；(v)阐明地表和地下颗粒分散、混合和分选的成分，说明这些过程如何对山坡链结构作出贡献；(6)建立一个先进的扩散输运和山坡演变计算模型，以探索地表几何形状、土壤输运、土壤厚度和土壤生产之间的完全耦合，包括对外部和边界强迫的非线性响应。这个为期四年的项目将结合理论、实验、实地和计算组成部分。颗粒分散、混合和分选的成分：土壤深度和链尺度；（二）构成运输法的形式。pi的实验/实地工作将：(i)侧重于雨滴的过程，以及土壤内部和土壤表面的颗粒混合和分类；并且（ii）设计用于测试/验证其工作的理论和计算方面。他们还将应用基于不连续谱元方法的高性能算法来开发先进的计算代码，用于模拟土壤深度尺度上的颗粒行为，以及模拟地貌尺度上的山坡演变。在地球表面过程中心（CESPR）的支持下，该项目将涉及地貌学、流体力学、应用数学和高级计算方面的科学家专家的合作。这项工作的结果将构成一个重要的，关键的贡献，为日益增长的理论基础的山坡地貌学。