DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The Genetic Structure and Phylogeographic History of African Populations of Drosophila melanogaster

论文研究：非洲果蝇种群的遗传结构和系统发育地理学历史

• 批准号: 0411730
• 负责人: Charles Aquadro
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2006-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0411730&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Genetic; Structure; Phylogeographic

This study will document the geographic structure of genetic diversity in African populations of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Before expanding to a nearly worldwide distribution, this species is thought to have originated in tropical Africa. Yet, very little is known about the evolutionary history and genetic structure of African populations. This study will use DNA sequence and repeat length variation to: (1) evaluate genetic relationships among African populations, (2) identify which populations appear to be the most ancestral, and (3) infer the most likely geographic route for the expansion of D. melanogaster from sub-Saharan Africa into north Africa and Eurasia. This work will lead to an improved understanding of how evolutionary forces like population history and natural selection shape genetic variation, particularly in species colonizing new environments. The history of D. melanogaster is similar to that of many invasive species and crop plants, so this project has the potential to guide future studies that examine genetic diversity in ecologically and economically important species. By improving our evolutionary understanding of a model organism in genetics, this study will facilitate connections between biological disciplines. This research will contribute to graduate and undergraduate training. Findings will be communicated at scientific meetings, in print, online, and in the high school classroom. New scientific contacts will be made with researchers in Africa, and new collections of D. melanogaster will be obtained and shared freely.

本研究将记录果蝇黑腹果蝇非洲种群遗传多样性的地理结构。 在扩展到几乎全世界的分布之前，该物种被认为起源于热带非洲。然而，人们对非洲种群的进化历史和遗传结构知之甚少。 这项研究将使用DNA序列和重复长度变异来：（1）评估非洲种群之间的遗传关系，（2）确定哪些种群似乎是最古老的，（3）推断D.从撒哈拉以南非洲到北非和欧亚大陆的黑腹鱼。 这项工作将有助于更好地理解进化力量，如人口历史和自然选择如何塑造遗传变异，特别是在物种殖民新环境中。 介绍了D.黑腹果蝇与许多入侵物种和农作物的遗传多样性相似，因此本项目有可能指导未来研究生态和经济重要物种的遗传多样性。通过提高我们对遗传学模式生物的进化理解，这项研究将促进生物学科之间的联系。 本研究将有助于研究生和本科生的培养。 研究结果将在科学会议上，在印刷，在线和高中课堂上进行交流。 将与非洲的研究人员建立新的科学联系，并收集新的D。将免费获取和分享黑腹菌。