Effects of an Introduced Predator on Ecosystem Subsidy and Amphibian Decline

引入的捕食者对生态系统补贴和两栖动物衰退的影响

• 批准号: 0415505
• 负责人: Sharon Lawler
• 金额: $ 38.52万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0415505&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Effects; Introduced; Predator; Ecosystem; Subsidy

Summary/Abstract: Effects of an introduced predator on ecosystem subsidy and amphibian decline. S. P. Lawler, P.I.The purposes of this project are to test whether stocked trout decrease the amount of emerging aquatic species that serve as prey for terrestrial wildlife, and to assess whether a declining amphibian responds to trout removal. This is important because the indirect effects of introduced trout on terrestrial species are poorly understood, and because trout have been implicated in amphibian declines. This study also addresses the broader topic of 'ecosystem subsidy', wherein local ecosystems are influenced by flows of nutrients and organisms from other areas. Currently, it is unknown how species interactions within ecosystems affects subsidies to adjacent biological communities. We will quantify differences in aquatic and terrestrial communities in basins under four fisheries management schemes: active stocking, discontinued stocking, fish removals, and historically unstocked. We will test impacts of trout on aquatic species, relate abundances of amphibians and aquatic insects to population sizes of bats, birds and snakes, and measure the distribution of insects in uplands. We will also quantify population sizes and habitat use of the declining Cascades frog. Our main intellectual contribution will be to measure the importance of ecosystem subsidy on a large scale, and to assess the role of introduced species in altering subsidies. Broader impacts include providing research training for students from under-represented groups, promoting inter-agency partnerships, and providing information vital to managing mountain wildernesses.

摘要：引入捕食者对生态系统补贴和两栖动物下降的影响。S. P. Lawler，P.I.本项目的目的是测试放养的鳟鱼是否会减少作为陆生野生动物猎物的新兴水生物种的数量，并评估减少的两栖动物是否会对鳟鱼的去除做出反应。这一点很重要，因为引入鳟鱼对陆地物种的间接影响知之甚少，而且鳟鱼与两栖动物的减少有关。这项研究还涉及更广泛的主题“生态系统补贴”，其中当地生态系统受到来自其他地区的营养物质和生物体的影响。目前尚不清楚生态系统内的物种相互作用如何影响对邻近生物群落的补贴。我们将量化水生和陆生群落在四个渔业管理计划下的流域差异：积极放养，停止放养，鱼类清除，和历史上无库存。我们将测试鳟鱼对水生物种的影响，将两栖动物和水生昆虫的丰度与蝙蝠、鸟类和蛇的种群规模联系起来，并测量昆虫在高地的分布。我们还将量化种群规模和栖息地的使用下降瀑布蛙。我们的主要智力贡献将是衡量大规模生态系统补贴的重要性，并评估引进物种在改变补贴中的作用。更广泛的影响包括为代表性不足的群体的学生提供研究培训，促进机构间伙伴关系，并提供对管理山区荒野至关重要的信息。