Perceptual organization in visual search: Context effects

视觉搜索中的感知组织：上下文效应

• 批准号: 0418179
• 负责人: Mary Peterson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0418179&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Perceptual; organization; visual; search; Context

We spend nearly every waking moment searching with our eyes. Even a bored casual glance around a room is, at heart, an attempt to look for something. In modern life, visual search includes such important tasks as a doctor's inspection of medical X-ray images, a homeland security check of luggage for anomalies, or a pilot's quick glance across vital gauges on aircraft instrument panels. All living things capable of movement search incessantly, whether simple one-celled organisms or brainy hominids. In the laboratory, visual search has become a way to study the mind, whether as part of an intelligence test, a neurological exam, or in esoteric studies of attention, language, and social perception.Dr. Robert Rauschenberger and Dr. Mary A. Peterson will use support from the National Science Foundation to study a hitherto unrecognized fact about visual search: that the targets of search (the proverbial "needle in the haystack") can become more similar to their distractors (the "hay") as time goes on. That is, if you present the "needle and haystack" for a 'long' time (1/4 of a second), search is paradoxically more difficult than if you present the very same display for only a brief time (1/10 of a second). Common sense suggests the opposite outcome. The insights to be gained from this research have the potential to alter our understanding of a fundamental component of human behavior significantly. The broader impact of the project may include innovations in the design of modern instruments, increases in airport security, and better tests for medical problems. The funded project also includes an educational component to fund training for Dr. Rauschenberger in theory and methods of complex nonlinear systems.

我们几乎每一个醒着的时刻都在用眼睛寻找。从本质上讲，即使是无聊而随意地环顾房间，也是在试图寻找什么东西。在现代生活中，视觉搜索包括一些重要的任务，比如医生检查医学x光图像，国土安全检查行李是否异常，或者飞行员快速浏览飞机仪表板上的重要仪表。所有有活动能力的生物都在不停地搜索，无论是简单的单细胞生物还是聪明的原始人。在实验室里，视觉搜索已经成为研究思维的一种方式，无论是作为智力测试、神经学检查的一部分，还是在注意力、语言和社会感知的深奥研究中。罗伯特·劳森伯格和玛丽·a·彼得森博士将利用美国国家科学基金会的资助，研究一个迄今为止尚未认识到的关于视觉搜索的事实：随着时间的推移，搜索的目标（即众所周知的“干草堆里的针”）会变得越来越像它们的干扰物（“干草”）。也就是说，如果你长时间（1/4秒）展示“针和草堆”，搜索就会比你只在很短的时间（1/10秒）展示同样的东西要困难得多。常识告诉我们的是相反的结果。从这项研究中获得的见解有可能显著改变我们对人类行为基本组成部分的理解。该项目的更广泛影响可能包括创新现代仪器的设计，加强机场安全，以及更好地检测医疗问题。该资助项目还包括一个教育部分，用于资助Rauschenberger博士在复杂非线性系统的理论和方法方面的培训。