Testing the effects of visual field on perceptual organization as a potential source of unexplained visual dysfunction in macular degeneration

测试视野对知觉组织的影响作为黄斑变性中不明原因视觉功能障碍的潜在来源

• 批准号: 9898382
• 负责人: CATHLEEN M MOORE
• 金额: $ 18.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-01 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9898382
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Affect; Area; Attention; Blindness; Central Scotomas; Code; Complex; Dependence; Disease; Effectiveness; Event; Face; Failure; Feedback; Foundations; Functional disorder; Future; Goals; Image; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Lateral; Learning; Life; Location; Macular degeneration; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Motivation; Neurons; Ownership; Patients; Performance; Peripheral; Process; Reading; Research; Residual state; Resolution; Retina; Sensory; Source; Stimulus; Structure; Surface; Testing; Text; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Fields; Work; base; central visual field; experience; follow-up; human old age (65+); imaging Segmentation; improved; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; object recognition; perceptual organization; programs; receptive field; response; retinal imaging; sample fixation; selective attention; success; three-dimensional modeling; tool; two-dimensional; visual process

Project Summary The goal of this work is to characterize changes in visual processes that transform the 2-dimensional retinal image into object-based 3-dimensional representations of the world as a function of location within the visual field. These processes—referred to collectively as perceptual organization—are critical to the success of more complex visual tasks including important everyday tasks like reading, recognizing individuals, and following dynamic events on a screen or in the world. The underlying neurophysiology of the most fundamental components of perceptual organization suggest the hypothesis that perceptual organization is relatively poor for information in peripheral regions of the visual field compared to central regions. We will test that hypothesis in this work. Part of the significance of this work is that macular degeneration, which is the leading cause of blindness in people over the age of 65, and is expected to affect nearly 2 million individuals in the U.S. by 2020, is characterized by progressive loss of vision in central regions of the visual field. Individuals with macular degeneration therefore have to learn to rely on information in their periphery, and many interventions for the disease focus on increasing the size of peripheral information to compensate for known decreases in spatial resolution with eccentricity. Despite the success of these interventions to improve sensitivity to peripheral stimuli, many patients continue to suffer dysfunction in more complex, and critical for everyday life, tasks such as reading and recognizing faces. We hypothesize that an important part of this residual dysfunction is caused by the need to rely on peripheral perceptual organization which yields relatively poor 3D models of the world, even if edges and other low-level features are perfectly discriminable. This project will (1) quantify a set of four basic perceptual organization processes that are directly relatable to the simple neurophysiological mechanisms that have been identified and that provide motivation for the basic hypothesis, (2) test the hypothesis that an important downstream process that depends on perceptual organization – object-based attention — also decreases in effectiveness in more peripheral regions of the visual field and (3) test the hypothesis that changes in perceptual organization as a function of location in the visual field can predict changes in object-based attention within individual observers. If this work provides support for the basic hypotheses being tested, then follow-up work will extend the measurements to patients with central visual-field loss and ask whether their specific dysfunctions can be accounted for by reliance on relatively poor perceptual organization and if so, seek to develop interventions that either improve or compensate specifically for this dependence.

项目摘要 这项工作的目标是表征视觉过程中的变化， 将视网膜图像转换为作为视网膜内位置的函数的世界的基于对象的三维表示。 视野这些过程-统称为知觉组织-是成功的关键 更复杂的视觉任务，包括重要的日常任务，如阅读，识别个人， 跟随屏幕上或世界上的动态事件。最基本的神经生理学 知觉组织的基本组成部分提出了这样一个假设，即知觉组织是 与中心区域相比，视野的外围区域中的信息相对较差。我们将测试 在这项工作中的假设。这项工作的部分意义在于黄斑变性，这是 导致65岁以上人群失明的主要原因，预计将影响近200万人 在美国，到2020年，其特征是视野中心区域的视力逐渐丧失。 因此，患有黄斑变性的个体必须学会依赖周围的信息， 许多针对这种疾病的干预措施都集中在增加外围信息的大小， 已知的空间分辨率随偏心率的降低。尽管这些干预措施取得了成功， 对周围刺激敏感，许多患者继续遭受更复杂的功能障碍， 日常生活中的任务，如阅读和识别面孔。我们假设这其中很重要的一部分 残余功能障碍是由于需要依赖于周边知觉组织， 即使边缘和其他低级特征是完全可辨别的，也是糟糕的世界3D模型。这 项目将（1）量化一组四个基本的感知组织过程，这些过程直接与 简单的神经生理学机制，已经确定，并提供了基本的动机， 假设，（2）测试假设，一个重要的下游过程，取决于知觉 组织-基于对象的注意力-也在更外围的区域的有效性下降， 视野和（3）测试的假设，在知觉组织的变化作为一个功能的位置，在 视野可以预测个体观察者基于物体的注意力的变化。如果这项工作提供了 支持正在测试的基本假设，然后后续工作将扩展到患者的测量 与中央视野损失，并询问他们的具体功能障碍是否可以解释依赖于 相对较差的知觉组织，如果是这样，寻求开发干预措施， 专门补偿这种依赖性。

项目成果

Visual working memory content influences correspondence processes.

• DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000890
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Hein, Elisabeth;Stepper, Madeleine Y.;Hollingworth, Andrew;Moore, Cathleen M.
• 通讯作者: Moore, Cathleen M.

The role of object history in establishing object correspondence.

• DOI: 10.3758/s13414-019-01923-0
• 发表时间: 2020-06
• 期刊: ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Stepper, Madeleine Y.;Moore, Cathleen M.;Rolke, Bettina;Hein, Elisabeth
• 通讯作者: Hein, Elisabeth

Task-specific engagement of object-based and space-based attention with spatiotemporally defined objects.

• DOI: 10.3758/s13414-020-02201-0
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: Attention, perception & psychophysics
• 作者: Zheng Q;Moore CM
• 通讯作者: Moore CM

Target-flanker similarity effects reflect image segmentation not perceptual grouping.

• DOI: 10.3758/s13414-020-02094-z
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Moore, Cathleen M.;He, Sihan;Zheng, Qingzi;Mordkoff, J. Toby
• 通讯作者: Mordkoff, J. Toby