The psychology of moral dilemmas

作为前一个项目（道德困境心理学; WA 621/21-1）的一部分，我们发表了一篇关于道德判断研究现状的评论（Waldmann，内格尔，& Wiegmann，2012）。这篇评论的一个关键结论是，缺乏关于特定情况下道德判断产生过程的可检验的认知理论。现有的理论在非常一般的水平上描述过程。我们当前项目的目标是部分克服这个问题，并开发和测试更具体的道德判断理论。我们计划通过测试我们在前一个项目中开始研究的一些现象的理论模型来跟进以前的研究（例如，道德困境;顺序和转移效应;距离的作用）。在这个项目中，我们还开发了一些新的想法，这些想法不是最初提案的一部分，我们也希望将其纳入计划中的项目。新项目的第一部分进一步关注道德直觉从类似困境到新的相关困境的转移。我们已经发展了一个道德转移的理论，我们计划在进一步的实验研究中进行测试。第二部分将这一理论应用于通过增加或删除可能的干预选项来操纵道德困境的情况。第3部分的主要目标是研究受害者类别的作用（例如，性别、地位等）我们对人类生命之间合理权衡的直觉。第四部分是对空间距离在道德判断中的作用的研究。特别是，我们要重点关注帮助手段与受害者之间的空间距离。最后，在第5部分中，我们计划研究基本直觉判断背后的过程。我们开发了一种新颖的理论，该理论将基本道德直觉建立在有关力动态的基本语义直觉的基础上，我们打算使用各种实验范式来测试该理论。

As part of the predecessor project (The psychology of moral dilemmas; WA 621/21-1) we have published a review of the current state of the art of research on moral judgments (Waldmann, Nagel, & Wiegmann, 2012). One key conclusion of this review was that there is a shortage of testable cognitive theories of the processes underlying the generation of moral judgments about specific situations. The existing theories describe processes on a very general level. Our goal of the present project is to overcome this problem in part, and develop and test more specific theories of moral judgments. We plan to follow up on previous research by testing theoretical models of some of the phenomena we have started to investigate in the predecessor project (e.g., moral dilemmas; order and transfer effects; the role of distance). In this project we have also developed some new ideas that were not part of the initial proposal , which we also would like to include in the planned project. Part 1 of the new project further focuses on the transfer of moral intuitions from analogous dilemmas to new related dilemmas. We have developed a theory of moral transfer, which we plan to test in further experimental studies. Part 2 applies this theory to situations in which moral dilemmas are manipulated by adding or deleting possible options for interventions. The main goal of Part 3 is to study the role of victim categories (e.g., gender, status, etc.) for our intuitions about legitimate tradeoffs between human lives. Part 4 follows up on our research on the role of spatial distance on moral judgments. In particular, we would like to focus on the spatial distance between means of help and victims. Finally, in Part 5, we plan to investigate the processes underlying basic intuitive judgments. We have developed a novel theory that bases elementary moral intuitions on basic semantic intuitions about force dynamics, which we intend to test using various experimental paradigms.