Adhesion and Guidance in Pollination

授粉中的粘附和引导

• 批准号: 0420445
• 负责人: Elizabeth Lord
• 金额: $ 60万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0420445&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Adhesion; Guidance; Pollination

Lord 0420445Adhesion and Guidance in PollinationThis project concerns plant reproduction. Plants produce seed by fertilization (the fusion of sperm and egg to form a zygote and then an embryo). Flowering plants, which produce all our crops, both food and fiber, have complex reproductive mechanisms which involve adhesion and guidance of the sperm carrying structure, the pollen tube, in the female tissues (pistil) of the flower. Little is known about this phase of reproduction when many guide posts must be traversed in the pistil in order for the sperm cells to be delivered to the egg which resides deep inside the ovary. Recently, a protein has been discovered at the entrance to the pistil in the Easter Lily, which is capable of directing the growing pollen tube tip onto the proper track to the egg cell in the ovary. It acts with another protein that is involved in adhesion and guidance of the pollen tube in the style, the entrance into the ovary. Understanding how these proteins from the pistil interact with the pollen tube to guide its growth to the egg is the focus of this investigation. This is the first such chemotropic peptide (small protein) discovered in plants. Surprisingly, the analogous chemo-attractants in the human reproductive track that guide sperm cells to the egg remain unknown, but in one vertebrate species, the frog, the identity of the sperm chemo-attractant is known and it is also a small protein. Biochemical (using Lily), molecular genetic(using Arabidopsis) and localization studies will be used to study this interaction and thereby gain a better understanding of flowering plant fertilization. The results will be of importance to breeding programs for both crop plants and for the flower industry.

主0420445粘附和指导授粉这个项目涉及植物繁殖。植物通过受精（精子和卵子融合形成合子，然后形成胚胎）产生种子。开花植物生产我们所有的作物，包括食物和纤维，具有复杂的生殖机制，涉及携带精子的结构，花粉管在花的雌性组织（雌蕊）中的粘附和引导。对于这一繁殖阶段知之甚少，此时必须穿过雌蕊中的许多导向柱，以便将精细胞运送到位于子房深处的卵子。最近，在复活节百合的雌蕊入口处发现了一种蛋白质，它能够引导生长中的花粉管尖端进入子房中的卵细胞。它与另一种蛋白质作用，该蛋白质参与花柱中花粉管的粘附和引导，进入子房。了解这些来自雌蕊的蛋白质如何与花粉管相互作用，以指导其向卵生长是本次调查的重点。这是在植物中发现的第一个这样的趋化肽（小蛋白）。令人惊讶的是，人类生殖道中引导精子细胞进入卵子的类似化学引诱物仍然未知，但在一种脊椎动物物种中，青蛙，精子化学引诱物的身份是已知的，它也是一种小蛋白质。生物化学（使用百合），分子遗传学（使用拟南芥）和定位研究将被用来研究这种相互作用，从而获得更好地了解开花植物受精。这些结果对作物和花卉产业的育种计划都具有重要意义。