MRI: Acquisition of a Low-Mass Particulate Matter Measurement and Composition Determination System for Use in Transportation Emissions Research

建议没有。cts -0421210首席研究员：G. W. Davis，凯特林大学这笔拨款用于购买测量发动机排气中颗粒物排放的设备。运输中使用的发动机排放的颗粒物（PM）废气对人类和动物的健康造成不利影响。从历史上看，PM排放是使用重量法测量的，其中稀释的排气样本通过过滤器提取，其中颗粒物质被捕获并称重。然而，随着发动机产生的PM越来越少，使用传统的重力方法精确测量PM排放的质量变得越来越困难。此外，PM的成分，特别是可溶性有机组分（SOF）的水平，会增加动物的组织刺激水平。PM的组成也影响排气后处理系统的设计，用于在排出之前捕获或转换该材料。传统的重量法不能提供任何关于PM样品组成的信息。最近开发的仪器现在可以精确测量超低质量排放水平和确定样品的主要成分。拟收购的设备主要包括一个偏流稀释隧道和一个小质量PM分析仪，分别测量烟灰、sofs和硫酸盐。该仪器的获得将使先进发动机研究实验室（AERL）能够对替代燃料和后处理系统在减少发动机排放方面的影响进行研究。预期的研究项目包括确定在喷气发动机中使用生物质燃料的影响，测量使用生物质衍生燃料和润滑剂时二冲程和四冲程雪地摩托发动机的排放量减少情况，以及不同燃料和操作条件对火花点燃（汽油）和柴油发动机的PM废气排放成分的影响。这一系统将对汽车行业工程师的研究培训产生重大影响。凯特林大学，前身为通用汽车研究所，是公认的交通研究和教育的领导者。这是非博士学位。在过去的五年中，AERL一直是美国前五大BSME学位授予机构之一。AERL积极吸引本科生从事交通研究。在过去的四年里，许多技术报告和出版物都是由本科生共同撰写的。所有机械工程专业的本科生都在这个实验室进行实验。最后，AERL将通过鼓励弱势群体参与AERL的动手实验，将这一系统作为招募他们进入工程领域的持续努力的一部分。

Proposal No. CTS-0421210Principal Investigator: G. W. Davis, Kettering UniversityThis grant is for acquisition of equipment to measure particulate matter emissions in engine exhaust. Particulate matter (PM) exhaust emissions from engines used in transportation cause adverse health affects to humans and animals. Historically, PM emissions were measured using a gravimetric approach in which a diluted exhaust sample is drawn through a filter where the particulate matter is trapped and weighed. However, as engines produce less PM, it has become increasingly difficult to accurately measure the mass of PM emissions produced using the traditional gravimetric approach. Furthermore, the components of PM, particularly the levels of soluble organic fraction (SOF), cause increased levels of tissue irritation in animals. The composition of the PM also affects the design of exhaust after-treatment systems used to trap or convert this material before it is exhausted. The traditional gravimetric approach does not provide any information regarding the composition of the PM sample. Recently developed instrumentation now allows accurate measurement of ultra low mass emissions levels and the determination of the major components of the sample. The equipment to be acquired consists primarily of a partial flow dilution tunnel and a low mass PM analyzer with separate measurement of soot, SOF and sulfates. The acquisition of this instrumentation will allow the Advanced Engine Research Laboratory (AERL) to conduct research into the effects of alternative fuels and after treatment systems in the reduction of engine emissions. Anticipated research projects include determining the effects of the use of biomass based fuel in jet engines, measuring the reduction in emissions from two- and four-stroke snowmobile engines when using biomass derived fuels and lubricants, and the effect of different fuels and operating conditions on the composition of PM exhaust emissions from both spark-ignited (gasoline) and diesel engines. This system will have a major impact on the research training of engineers employed in the automotive industry. Kettering University, formerly General Motors Institute, is a recognized leader in transportation research and education. It is a non-Ph.D. granting institution, and over the past five years is generally within the top five grantors of BSME degrees in the U.S. The AERL actively engages undergraduates in transportation research. Many technical presentations and publications have been co-authored by undergraduates during the past four years. All mechanical engineering undergraduates conduct experiments in this laboratory. Finally, the AERL will use this system as part of an ongoing effort to recruit under-represented groups into engineering, by encouraging them to participate in hands-on experiments in the AERL.