MRI: Acquisition of a Low-Mass Particulate Matter Measurement and Composition Determination System for Use in Transportation Emissions Research

MRI：获取低质量颗粒物测量和成分测定系统，用于交通排放研究

• 批准号: 0421210
• 负责人: Gregory Davis
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Kettering University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-15 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0421210&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Acquisition; Low; Mass; Particulate

Proposal No. CTS-0421210Principal Investigator: G. W. Davis, Kettering UniversityThis grant is for acquisition of equipment to measure particulate matter emissions in engine exhaust. Particulate matter (PM) exhaust emissions from engines used in transportation cause adverse health affects to humans and animals. Historically, PM emissions were measured using a gravimetric approach in which a diluted exhaust sample is drawn through a filter where the particulate matter is trapped and weighed. However, as engines produce less PM, it has become increasingly difficult to accurately measure the mass of PM emissions produced using the traditional gravimetric approach. Furthermore, the components of PM, particularly the levels of soluble organic fraction (SOF), cause increased levels of tissue irritation in animals. The composition of the PM also affects the design of exhaust after-treatment systems used to trap or convert this material before it is exhausted. The traditional gravimetric approach does not provide any information regarding the composition of the PM sample. Recently developed instrumentation now allows accurate measurement of ultra low mass emissions levels and the determination of the major components of the sample. The equipment to be acquired consists primarily of a partial flow dilution tunnel and a low mass PM analyzer with separate measurement of soot, SOF and sulfates. The acquisition of this instrumentation will allow the Advanced Engine Research Laboratory (AERL) to conduct research into the effects of alternative fuels and after treatment systems in the reduction of engine emissions. Anticipated research projects include determining the effects of the use of biomass based fuel in jet engines, measuring the reduction in emissions from two- and four-stroke snowmobile engines when using biomass derived fuels and lubricants, and the effect of different fuels and operating conditions on the composition of PM exhaust emissions from both spark-ignited (gasoline) and diesel engines. This system will have a major impact on the research training of engineers employed in the automotive industry. Kettering University, formerly General Motors Institute, is a recognized leader in transportation research and education. It is a non-Ph.D. granting institution, and over the past five years is generally within the top five grantors of BSME degrees in the U.S. The AERL actively engages undergraduates in transportation research. Many technical presentations and publications have been co-authored by undergraduates during the past four years. All mechanical engineering undergraduates conduct experiments in this laboratory. Finally, the AERL will use this system as part of an ongoing effort to recruit under-represented groups into engineering, by encouraging them to participate in hands-on experiments in the AERL.

建议书编号CTS-0421210主要研究员：凯特琳大学G.W.戴维斯这笔赠款用于购买测量发动机尾气中颗粒物排放的设备。在交通运输中使用的发动机排放的颗粒物(PM)会对人类和动物的健康造成不利影响。在历史上，PM排放是使用重量法测量的，即通过过滤器抽取稀释的废气样本，在过滤器中捕获并称重颗粒物。然而，由于发动机产生的PM越来越少，使用传统的重量法精确测量PM排放的质量变得越来越困难。此外，PM的成分，特别是可溶有机成分(SOF)的水平，会导致动物组织刺激性增加。PM的组成还影响废气后处理系统的设计，这些系统用于在这种材料耗尽之前将其捕集或转化。传统的重量法不提供有关PM样品组成的任何信息。最近开发的仪器现在可以准确测量超低质量排放水平，并确定样品的主要成分。将获得的设备主要包括一个部分流动稀释隧道和一个低质量PM分析仪，分别测量烟尘、SOF和硫酸盐。收购这一仪器将使先进发动机研究实验室(AERL)能够对替代燃料和后处理系统在减少发动机排放方面的影响进行研究。预期的研究项目包括确定喷气发动机使用生物质燃料的影响，测量使用生物质衍生燃料和润滑油时二冲程和四冲程雪地摩托发动机的排放减少，以及不同燃料和运行条件对火花点火(汽油)和柴油发动机PM排放组成的影响。这一系统将对汽车行业雇用的工程师的研究培训产生重大影响。凯特琳大学，前身为通用汽车学院，是公认的交通研究和教育领域的领导者。它是一所非授予博士学位的机构，在过去的五年里，它通常是美国授予BSME学位的前五名之一。AERL积极吸引本科生从事交通研究。在过去的四年里，许多技术演示和出版物都是由本科生共同撰写的。所有机械工程专业的本科生都在这个实验室里进行实验。最后，AERL将利用这一系统作为正在进行的努力的一部分，通过鼓励他们参与AERL的动手实验，招募代表不足的群体进入工程学。