A New Look at a Changing Arctic Ocean: A Comprehensive Section Across the Polar Basin

重新审视不断变化的北冰洋：极地盆地的综合剖面

• 批准号: 0425350
• 负责人: James Swift
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-15 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0425350&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: New; Look; Changing; Arctic; Ocean

Intellectual Merit: A pioneering icebreaker crossing of the Canada Basin is to occur, also including a crossing of the northern Makarov and Eurasian basins. This transect is on the schedule of the icebreaker Oden, concluding the Swedish 2005 Beringia Expedition. USCGC Healy has been proposed as a companion icebreaker.Oceanographic foci of such a transect include providing first-time measurements in many categories across the central Canada Basin and the polar reaches of the Makarov Basin; defining and understanding long-term changes in the temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients in Arctic Ocean waters in portions of the transect where there are earlier measurements; observing and understanding a hypothesized northward spreading from the Chukchi Borderlands region of relatively well ventilated intermediate waters; determining the present structure of the Pacific surface water signal across the Canada Basin; locating the Atlantic/Pacific transition in halocline waters across the Canada Basin; providing a key Arctic hydrographic/tracer/CO2 transect for the Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program; and assessing the relationship of the Arctic Ocean large-scale fields to the Nordic Seas and the outflows to the North Atlantic Ocean.To provide data to work toward these aims, proposed here is a program of reference-quality CTDO and salinity, oxygen, and nutrient measurements along the transect, with SIO Oceanographic Data Facility (ODF) equipment and standards, plus participation of ODF technical specialists working with a separately-funded international team.The proposed studies will define the basin-scale hydrography of the Canada Basin in a reference sense, and also better identify the temporal variability of Arctic Ocean waters by means of a repeat hydrographic section across the southern Canada Basin, Lomonosov Ridge, and Eurasian Basin. This offers strong relevance to climate research, improving understanding of the ocean stratification effects of the varied climate oscillations widely thought to be active in high northern latitudes.Broader Impacts: Broader impacts of the program include: wide dissemination of data to enhance scientific and technological understanding; the long-term societal benefits of collecting a high quality oceanographic data set; use of these data to assess climate change and to test models of the climate system; and promoting training of graduate students. Direct outreach will be accomplished via media interviews, contact with Arctic-experienced teachers, contributions to educational web sites (from sea, if possible), and inclusion of expedition materials and data in an education-oriented ocean data exploration web site and CD-ROM. Participation in this undertaking also strengthens international cooperation in the Arctic, both by bringing U.S. expertise to bear on a demanding problem set and by directly benefiting from complementary European and Canadian efforts.

智力优势：一艘先锋破冰船将穿越加拿大盆地，还包括穿越北方马卡罗夫和欧亚盆地。该样带是瑞典2005年白令吉亚考察队的破冰船奥登号的行程表。已提议将USCGC Healy号作为伴船破冰船。此类样带的海洋学重点包括提供横跨加拿大海盆中部和马卡罗夫海盆极地河段的多个类别的首次测量结果;确定和了解有早期测量结果的样带部分北冰洋沃茨中温度、盐度、溶解氧和营养物的长期变化;观测和理解从楚科奇边界地区相对良好的中间沃茨向北扩散的假设;确定横跨加拿大海盆的太平洋地表水信号的当前结构;在横跨加拿大海盆的盐跃层沃茨中定位大西洋/太平洋过渡;为全球海洋碳和重复水文计划提供关键的北极水文/示踪剂/CO2断面;以及评估北冰洋大规模油田与北欧海和北大西洋外流的关系。为实现这些目标提供数据，这里提出的是一个参考质量CTDO和盐度，氧气和营养盐测量沿着样带的计划，与SIO海洋数据设施（ODF）的设备和标准，加上ODF技术专家的参与与一个单独资助的国际团队合作。拟议的研究将定义在参考意义上的加拿大盆地尺度水文，通过对横跨加拿大南部海盆、罗蒙诺索夫海岭和欧亚海盆的重复水文剖面的研究，更好地识别北冰洋沃茨的时间变化。这对气候研究具有很强的相关性，提高了人们对广泛认为在北方高纬度地区活跃的各种气候振荡的海洋分层效应的认识。利用这些数据评估气候变化和测试气候系统模型;促进研究生培训。直接推广将通过媒体采访，与北极经验丰富的教师接触，对教育网站的贡献来完成（如有可能，从海上），并将考察材料和数据纳入面向教育的海洋数据探索网站和光盘。这既可以通过将美国的专业知识用于解决一系列棘手的问题，也可以直接受益于欧洲和加拿大的互补努力。