A New Look at a Changing Arctic Ocean: A Comprehensive Section Across the Polar Basin

重新审视不断变化的北冰洋：极地盆地的综合剖面

• 批准号: 0425350
• 负责人: James Swift
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-15 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0425350&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: New; Look; Changing; Arctic; Ocean

Intellectual Merit: A pioneering icebreaker crossing of the Canada Basin is to occur, also including a crossing of the northern Makarov and Eurasian basins. This transect is on the schedule of the icebreaker Oden, concluding the Swedish 2005 Beringia Expedition. USCGC Healy has been proposed as a companion icebreaker.Oceanographic foci of such a transect include providing first-time measurements in many categories across the central Canada Basin and the polar reaches of the Makarov Basin; defining and understanding long-term changes in the temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients in Arctic Ocean waters in portions of the transect where there are earlier measurements; observing and understanding a hypothesized northward spreading from the Chukchi Borderlands region of relatively well ventilated intermediate waters; determining the present structure of the Pacific surface water signal across the Canada Basin; locating the Atlantic/Pacific transition in halocline waters across the Canada Basin; providing a key Arctic hydrographic/tracer/CO2 transect for the Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program; and assessing the relationship of the Arctic Ocean large-scale fields to the Nordic Seas and the outflows to the North Atlantic Ocean.To provide data to work toward these aims, proposed here is a program of reference-quality CTDO and salinity, oxygen, and nutrient measurements along the transect, with SIO Oceanographic Data Facility (ODF) equipment and standards, plus participation of ODF technical specialists working with a separately-funded international team.The proposed studies will define the basin-scale hydrography of the Canada Basin in a reference sense, and also better identify the temporal variability of Arctic Ocean waters by means of a repeat hydrographic section across the southern Canada Basin, Lomonosov Ridge, and Eurasian Basin. This offers strong relevance to climate research, improving understanding of the ocean stratification effects of the varied climate oscillations widely thought to be active in high northern latitudes.Broader Impacts: Broader impacts of the program include: wide dissemination of data to enhance scientific and technological understanding; the long-term societal benefits of collecting a high quality oceanographic data set; use of these data to assess climate change and to test models of the climate system; and promoting training of graduate students. Direct outreach will be accomplished via media interviews, contact with Arctic-experienced teachers, contributions to educational web sites (from sea, if possible), and inclusion of expedition materials and data in an education-oriented ocean data exploration web site and CD-ROM. Participation in this undertaking also strengthens international cooperation in the Arctic, both by bringing U.S. expertise to bear on a demanding problem set and by directly benefiting from complementary European and Canadian efforts.

智力价值：加拿大盆地将出现一次开创性的破冰船穿越，还包括一次穿越马卡洛夫盆地北部和欧亚盆地的穿越。这条横断面在奥登号破冰船的时间表上，结束了2005年瑞典的贝林吉亚探险队。USCGC Healy已被提议作为一艘伴生破冰船。这一断面的海洋焦点包括在加拿大中部盆地和马卡洛夫盆地极地范围提供许多类别的首次测量；在有早期测量的断面部分界定和了解北冰洋水域的温度、盐度、溶解氧和营养物质的长期变化；观察和了解假设从楚科奇边界地区向北扩散的相对通风良好的中间水域；确定横跨加拿大盆地的太平洋表层水信号的当前结构；在加拿大盆地的盐跃层水域定位大西洋/太平洋过渡；为全球海洋碳和重复水文方案提供重要的北极水文/示踪剂/二氧化碳样带；和评估北冰洋大尺度场与北欧海和北大西洋的关系。为了为实现这些目标提供数据，这里提出了一个具有参考质量的CTDO和沿断面的盐度、氧和营养测量计划，使用SIO海洋数据设施(ODF)设备和标准，以及ODF技术专家与一个单独资助的国际团队的参与。拟议的研究将在参考意义上定义加拿大盆地的盆地尺度水文，并通过加拿大南部海盆Lomonosov Ridge的重复水文剖面，更好地识别北冰洋水域的时间变异性，和欧亚盆地。这为气候研究提供了很强的相关性，提高了对被广泛认为活跃在北半球高纬度地区的各种气候振荡对海洋分层影响的理解。广泛影响：该计划的更广泛影响包括：广泛传播数据以增进对科学和技术的理解；收集高质量的海洋数据集的长期社会效益；利用这些数据评估气候变化和测试气候系统的模型；以及促进研究生的培训。将通过媒体采访、与有北极经验的教师接触、向教育网站(如果可能的话，从海上)提供材料以及将考察材料和数据纳入面向教育的海洋数据探索网站和光盘，实现直接外联。参与这项工作还可以加强北极的国际合作，既可以利用美国的专业知识来解决棘手的问题，也可以直接受益于欧洲和加拿大的互补努力。