Doctoral Dissertation Research: Ideology or Workplace Policies: A Cross-Cohort Analysis of How Women Make Decisions About Work and Family

博士论文研究：意识形态或工作场所政策：女性如何做出工作和家庭决策的跨队列分析

• 批准号: 0425498
• 负责人: Eliza Pavalko
• 金额: $ 0.75万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-01 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0425498&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Ideology; Workplace

Perhaps the most significant social trend of the second half of the twentieth century has been the rapid involvement of women, especially mothers, in the labor market. Subsequently, patterns of childcare arrangements have changed dramatically during this time period. Extant research has established that many factors such as gender ideology, educational and career aspirations, and access to family friendly workplace policies affect the choices women make about work and family. However, it is less clear how these patterns have changed over time. Through statistical analysis this research examines the impact of ideological factors and the availability of workplace policies on mother's labor force participation and choice of childcare arrangements for two cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey. This project will answer the following research questions: 1) Are there cohort differences in the ways that women balance work and family demands surrounding the birth of new baby? 2) How do ideological factors and availability of workplace policies impact mothers' labor force participation? 3) How are various work and family behaviors linked to past and future choices? And 4) Do these processes operate in the same way for different generations of women? This research makes a number of broader impacts to the fields of gender and work. Although social scientists have documented women's relative disadvantage in the labor force there has been limited exploration of how these patterns are changing over time and what processes result in this change. This research addresses these absences by documenting cohort differences in work and family behaviors and by determining the relative influence of ideology and opportunity on trends over time. A great deal of work addressing gender differences in labor force participation focuses on how individual and family decisions constrain women's labor market opportunities. Researchers pay far less attention to the influence of labor market structures on women's employment behaviors. This research provides an important step in balancing attention to both individual and structural determinants by addressing the impact of workplace policies on women's choices. The broader impacts of this research lie in its contributions both to academic research on women's labor market participation and to policy discussions on the efficacy of family friendly policies for narrowing the gender gap in labor market behaviors.

也许20世纪后半叶最重要的社会趋势是妇女，特别是母亲迅速进入劳动力市场。 因此，在此期间，儿童保育安排的模式发生了巨大变化。 现有的研究已经确定，性别意识形态、教育和职业抱负以及获得有利于家庭的工作场所政策等许多因素影响着妇女对工作和家庭的选择。 然而，不太清楚这些模式如何随着时间的推移而变化。 通过统计分析，本研究探讨了影响的意识形态因素和工作场所的政策，对母亲的劳动力参与和选择托儿安排的两个队列的国家纵向调查。 本项目将回答以下研究问题：1）女性在生育过程中平衡工作和家庭需求的方式是否存在群体差异？ 2)意识形态因素和工作场所政策的可用性如何影响母亲的劳动力参与？ 3)各种工作和家庭行为与过去和未来的选择有什么联系？4）这些过程对不同世代的妇女是否以同样的方式运作？ 这项研究对性别和工作领域产生了一些更广泛的影响。 虽然社会科学家已经证明了妇女在劳动力中的相对劣势，但对这些模式如何随着时间的推移而变化以及导致这种变化的过程的探索有限。 本研究通过记录工作和家庭行为的队列差异以及确定意识形态和机会对长期趋势的相对影响来解决这些缺失。 解决劳动力参与方面的性别差异的大量工作侧重于个人和家庭决定如何限制妇女的劳动力市场机会。 劳动力市场结构对女性就业行为的影响研究较少。 这项研究通过探讨工作场所政策对妇女选择的影响，在兼顾个人和结构决定因素方面迈出了重要一步。 这项研究的更广泛的影响在于它的贡献，既对妇女的劳动力市场参与的学术研究和政策讨论的有效性，家庭友好的政策，以缩小劳动力市场行为的性别差距。