II: Pathways

科学研究正在拥抱高度协作、基于网络和数据密集型的实践标准。随着科学研究自身的转变，对本地数字、基于网络的学术交流系统的需求变得明显，该系统能够捕获数字学术记录，使其可访问，并随着时间的推移进行保存。互联网的无处不在为一种新的出版模式提供了基础，这种模式具有包容性、响应性和适应性，类似于它打算记录的科学过程。路径项目将调查新的基础设施并制作原型，以满足以下要求。首先，学术交流的单位(传统上是出版物)。必须通过整合文本、数据模拟、图像、音频和其他富媒体来重新定义，以类似于科学本身的现实。第二，科学的过程和产品一样重要。网络基础设施允许对传统出版系统中垂直集成的功能进行解耦和重新实现。必须使新的信息流或途径能够支持广泛的功能，包括数据共享、成果传播、同行审查和数字保存。第三，关于学术动态的信息目前已经丢失。学术传播基础设施应促进对科学进步的档案观点，从而使最终结果只是过程文件中的一项记录。基于图形的信息模型将提供异类资源(数据、内容和服务)的抽象层。面向服务的流程模型将支持多阶段组合、计算和转换信息流的表达和调用；可互操作的基于网络的系统将有助于打破传统学术出版范式的束缚，允许灵活而高效的机制来创建、传播、认证、注册、转换和归档科学成果。在这项工作中开发的模型和协议将促进创建新类型的信息实体和更好地匹配基本科学过程的分布式工作流程的演变。正如网络为所有人、学者、教师、非专业人士和学童创造了一种工具一样，更好地连接的学术交流系统将使科学成果能够作为丰富、多维、动态的在线资源广泛传播。

ABSTRACTScientific research is embracing highly collaborative, network-based, and data-intensive standards of practice. As scientific research transforms itself, the need for a natively digital, network-based scholarly communication system that is able to capture the digital scholarly record, make it accessible, and preserve it over time becomes evident. The ubiquity of the Internet provides the foundation for a new publication paradigm that is inclusive, responsive, and adaptive, one that resembles the scientific process that it intends to document. The Pathways project will investigate and prototype new infrastructure to address the following requirements. First, the unit of scholarly communication (traditionally a publication.) must be redefined to resemble the reality of science itself by integrating text, data simulations, images, audio, and other rich media. Second, the process of science is as important as the product. Networked infrastructure permits the decoupling and reimplementation of functions that have been vertically-integrated in traditional publishing systems. New information flows, or pathways, must be enabled to support a broad spectrum of functions including data sharing, dissemination of results, peer-review, and digital preservation. Third, information about the dynamics of scholarship is currently lost. The scholarly communication infrastructure should facilitate an archival view of scientific progress, whereby final results are but one record in the documentation of process. A graph-based information model will provide a layer of abstraction over heterogeneous resources (data, content, and services). A service-oriented process model will enable the expression and invocation of multi-stage compositional, computational, and transformational information flows.An interoperable, network-based system will assist in breaking the constraining shackles of the traditional scholarly publishing paradigm, allowing for flexible and efficient mechanisms to create, disseminate, certify, register, transform, and archive scientific results. The models and protocols developed in this work will facilitate the creation of new types of information entities and the evolution of distributed workflows that better match underlying scientific processes. Just as the Web created a tool for all,scholars, teachers, lay citizens and school children, a better connected scholarly communication system will enable the wide dissemination of scientific results as rich, multi-dimensional, dynamic online resources.