Gender and Language in South-Eastern Europe: Linguistic Manifestations of Gender Conceptualisations in Albania, Croatia, and Serbia

在三个东南欧转型国家阿尔巴尼亚、克罗地亚和塞尔维亚的基础上，该项目研究了性别政治和性别语言方面的相互依存关系：去标准化和再标准化（按照欧洲标准，这是极其动态的）意味着构建自己的欧洲性，这需要在语言政策上实施欧盟性别平等政策。该项目从语用社会语言学的角度，基于新的性别理论，分析了语法化的性别（非）特定的人称称谓的概念化。通过感知研究，通过平行测试系列实证检验语言称谓实践在歧视过程中的作用，以指出三个被调查国家的异同。通过这样做，我们可以获得有关社会政治发展、语言政策和性别概念之间联系的详细数据。到目前为止，我们的研究表明，在这三个国家的传统语言使用中，男性名词被理解和使用为所谓的中性形式的个人称谓（所谓的雄性形式）。至于这种不分性别和不分性别的男性称谓的平均化在多大程度上对个人和群体的看法产生歧视或特权的影响，这些国家很少或根本没有进行语言学研究。语言侧重于特征派生的可能性，以建立对称的称谓形式。然而，作为性别角色的再传统化或回归传统的后共产主义反弹往往导致对性别敏感的语言政策的公开拒绝。申请该项目的目的是为迄今为止现有的研究成果增加新的和重要的维度：克罗地亚语，塞尔维亚语和阿尔巴尼亚语的个人称谓的语料库语言学检查以及新的和差异化感知分析的发展。这样，该项目不仅对所研究的语言领域具有开创性的重要性，而且还为国际性别研究和语言学的方法和方法问题提供了动力。

On the basis of three south-eastern European transition countries, Albania, Croatia and Serbia, the project examines the interdependency of gender-political and gender-linguistic aspects: the de- and re-standardization (that is extremely dynamic by European standards) implicates the construction of one's own Europeanness, which entails the language policy implementation of the EU gender equality policy. The project from a pragmatic-sociolinguistic perspective, based upon new gender theories, analyses the conceptualization of grammaticalized gender-(un)specific personal appellations. By means of perceptional studies, the role of linguistic appellation practices in discrimination processes will be tried out empirically in parallel test series, in order to point out similarities and differences of the three examined countries. In doing so, we can obtain detailed data regarding the connection between socio-political developments, language policies and gender conceptualizations.Our research so far has shown, that masculine nouns are being understood and used as allegedly gender neutral forms of personal appellations in the conventional language usage of all three countries (so-called androgeneric forms). As to which extent such an equalization of gender-unspecific and gender-specific male appellations has discriminating or privileging effects on the perception of individuals and groups of persons, little or no linguistic research has been conducted in these countries. The languages focussed on feature derivational possibilities to build symmetrical appellation forms. Nevertheless, the post-communist backlash as a re-traditionalization or return to tradition of gender roles often results in an open rejection of a gender sensitive language policy.The aim of the project applied for is to add new and important dimensions to the hitherto existing research results: the corpus linguistic examination of personal appellations in Croatian, Serbian and Albanian and the development of new and differentiated perception analyses. This way, the project is not only of pioneering importance for the examined language area, but it also provides an impetus regarding methodical and methodological issues for international gender studies and linguistics.