Gene, enzyme and physiological characterization of maize shrunken-2 and brittle-2 alleles

玉米 shrunken-2 和 brittle-2 等位基因的基因、酶和生理特征

• 批准号: 0444031
• 负责人: L. Curtis Hannah
• 金额: $ 57万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-03-01 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0444031&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Gene; enzyme; physiological; characterization; maize

Crop yield is one of the most if not the most important measurement of the productivity of US agriculture. Intensive and impressive breeding efforts and improvements in cultural practices have laid the cornerstone for a history of dramatic yield increases in crops of major importance in this country as well as the rest of the world. To aid in continued yield increases, a biochemical/genetic/molecular approach has been taken that focuses on increasing the amount of the major component of the seed, starch. This approach focuses on ways to increase the speed of the slowest step in the synthesis of starch, the enzyme adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP). Past efforts have produced changes in the enzyme that gave rise to increased yield in crops of worldwide importance. Funds from this grant application will be used to isolate additional changes that should produce even greater increases in plant yield. These changes will be placed into corn and resulting increases in yield will be measured. Goals of this program also include educational activities of the public concerning genetically modified foods. Specifically, these involve public lectures, interactions with a particular high school in Florida as well as interactions with undergraduate students on this campus. Enhanced plant yield is important in this country since the number of people is increasing while the amount of land available for plant agriculture is decreasing. Worldwide, enhanced plant yield is critical for people presently not having enough food. The work to be performed should produce real tools for alleviating this present and future food shortage. It should also alleviate some of the concerns of the general public concerning GMO foods.

农作物产量即使不是衡量美国农业生产力最重要的指标，也是最重要的指标之一。密集和令人印象深刻的育种努力和文化实践的改进为我国以及世界其他地区重要作物的产量大幅增加的历史奠定了基础。为了帮助产量持续增长，已经采取了生化/遗传/分子方法，重点是增加种子主要成分淀粉的数量。这种方法侧重于提高淀粉合成中最慢步骤的速度，即二磷酸腺苷葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（AGP）。过去的努力已经使这种酶发生了变化，从而提高了世界范围内重要作物的产量。这笔拨款申请的资金将用于隔离应该产生更大的植物产量增加的其他变化。这些变化将被放入玉米中，由此产生的产量增加将被测量。该项目的目标还包括对公众进行有关转基因食品的教育活动。具体来说，这些包括公开讲座，与佛罗里达州某所高中的互动，以及与该校本科生的互动。在这个国家，提高植物产量是很重要的，因为人口数量在增加，而可用于植物农业的土地数量在减少。在世界范围内，提高植物产量对目前粮食不足的人们至关重要。所进行的工作应产生缓解目前和未来粮食短缺的真正工具。它还应该减轻公众对转基因食品的一些担忧。