Support proposal for refurbishment and replacement of a micorwave spectrometer to be used in the priority programme CAWSES

2004年6月29日，德国科学基金会(SENAT)宣布了一项名为“日地系统气候与天气”(CAWSES)的新优先计划。此后，科学家个人为这一计划提出了几项建议。2005年1月26日至27日，在沃尔伯格(靠近科隆)举行的一次会议上对提案进行了审查和选择。在这次会议期间，大多数被接受的提案都迫切要求在高层大气中测量痕量气体。对中纬度和极地纬度的平流层和中间层的水蒸气测量特别感兴趣(详情见第2节)。位于卡特伦堡-林道的Max-Planck-Institute for Solar System Research(MRS)在挪威北部(69°N)的Alomar天文台拥有一台地面微波光谱仪，这是世界上唯一能够测量极地纬度水汽分布到中间层上层的系统。该仪器已经运行了大约10年，并产生了一些重要的科学成果和出版物，例如，航天飞机发射的观测可以加强高层大气中冰粒的产生。这一结果在2003年3月15日出版的《地球物理研究快报》第30卷第10期的标题页上得到了突出显示(见附件)。该仪器目前连续运行超过100000个小时，显示出严重的劣化。我们估计该系统将在接下来的几个月内失灵。这将终止一个独特的数据序列，并将停止优先方案迫切需要的测量，特别是关于中间层水蒸气浓度太阳周期变化的测量。我们特此申请209K？资金支持，用于翻新和维修现有的微波光谱仪。正如将在第5节解释的那样，国会议员对这项任务做出了重大贡献。然而，由于对陆地大气的探索不再是MPS的科学重点，因此需要外部支持。

On June 29, 2004, the senat of the German Science Foundation (DFG = Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) announced a new priority programme called Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES). Thereafter several proposals from individual scientists were submitted for this programme. The review and selection of proposals took place in a meeting in Walberberg (close to Cologne) on January 26-27, 2005. It turned out during this meeting that a majority of accepted proposals have an urgent request for trace gas measurements in the upper atmosphere. Special interest exists for water vapor measurements in the stratosphere and mesosphere at mid and polar latitudes (see section 2 for more details). The Max-Planck-Institute for Solar System Research in Katlenburg-Lindau (MRS) owns a ground based microwave spectrometer at the ALOMAR observatory in Northern Norway (69°N) which is the only system world wide which is capable to measure water vapour profiles up to the upper mesosphere at polar latitudes. This instrument is in operation since approximately 10 years and has led to some important scientific results and publications, for example the observation that shuttle launches can enhance ice particle generation in the upper atmosphere. This result was highlighted on the title page of Geophysical Research Letters, volume 30, No. 10, from Mai 15, 2003 (see enclosure).The instrument is now in continuous operation for more than 100000 hours and shows severe deterioration. We reckon that the system will fail within the next months. This would terminate a unique data sequence and would stop measurements which are urgently needed for the priority programme, especially on the solar cycle variation of water vapour concentrations in the mesosphere. We hereby apply for financial support amounting to 209 k¿ to refurbish and repair the existing microwave spectrometer. As will be explained in section 5 the MPS significantly contributes to this task. However, since the exploration of the terrestrial atmosphere is no longer in the scientific focus of MPS, external support is required.