Long-term evolution of stratospheric aerosol extinction and particle sizes at northern mid and high latitudes

北部中高纬度地区平流层气溶胶消光和粒径的长期演化

• 批准号: 312991878
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Franz-Josef Lübken
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Physik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/312991878?language=en
• 关键词: Long; term; evolution; stratospheric; aerosol

Stratospheric sulfate aerosols are of great importance for the climate system, because they scatter solar radiation, enhance the Earth's planetary albedo and lead to a surface cooling. They are important for stratospheric chemistry, because they facilitate chlorine activation even outside the polar vortex and they are known to play an important role in the formation of polar stratospheric clouds. Stratospheric aerosols are one of the contributors to the current global warming hiatus - according to the 5th assessment report of the Intergovernmenal Penal on Climate Change (IPCC). One of the most accurate methods to remotely sense stratospheric aerosols is based on ground-based lidar observations. Within the research project proposed here, high-quality lidar data sets at different locations - that have to date not been used to study stratospheric aerosols - will be employed for this purpose. The lidar systems are operated by the Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) at Rostock University, Kühlungsborn (Germany) and are located at the ALOMAR observatory in Andenes (Norway), at Davis Station (Antarctica) and at Kühlungsborn itself. Two of the lidar time series cover 20 decades and the measurements at ALOMAR provide lidar backscatter observations at multiple wavelengths. A unique feature of the lidar systems is that they are operated also during daytime. One of the existing lidar system has a spectral resolution that allows separating aerosol and molecular scatter by its Doppler broadening. The lidar raw observations will be used in the first part of the project to determine stratospheric aerosol backscatter and extinction profiles, as well as stratospheric aerosol optical depth, which can be converted to aerosol radiative forcing. In addition, the multi-wavelength observations at the ALOMAR observatory allow the retrieval of aerosol particle size. In the second part of the project, the retrieved time series of stratospheric aerosol extinction, optical depth and particle size will be used to characterize the variability and trends in the stratospheric aerosol load and the associated radiative forcing at mid and high northern latitudes over a period of more than 2 decades. In this context, seasonal variations, QBO and volcanic effects will be of crucial importance. The particle size retrievals will provide essential constraints for satellite retrievals of stratospheric aerosol extinction based on the limb-scatter observation technique during a period with several weak to medium volcanic eruptions. The satellite limb-scatter technique was/is applied by the SCIAMACHY instrument on Envisat, OSIRIS on Odin as well as the OMPS-LP instrument on the Suomi satellite, and relies on a priori knowledge of the aerosol particle size. The expected outcome of the proposed research will provide important new information on the variability and trends in stratospheric aerosol parameters at mid and high latitudes at decadal time scales.

平流层硫酸盐气溶胶对气候系统非常重要，因为它们散射太阳辐射，增强地球的行星反照率并导致表面冷却。它们对平流层化学很重要，因为它们即使在极地涡旋之外也能促进氯的活化，而且它们在极地平流层云的形成中起着重要作用。根据政府间气候变化委员会（IPCC）第五次评估报告，平流层气溶胶是造成当前全球变暖中断的因素之一。遥感平流层气溶胶最精确的方法之一是基于地面激光雷达观测。在这里提出的研究项目中，不同地点的高质量激光雷达数据集将被用于研究平流层气溶胶，而这些数据集迄今尚未被用于研究平流层气溶胶。激光雷达系统由罗斯托克大学的莱布尼茨大气物理研究所（IAP）操作，位于安德内斯（Andenes）的ALOMAR天文台（挪威），戴维斯站（南极洲）和k<e:1>隆斯本本身。两个激光雷达时间序列覆盖了20年，ALOMAR的测量提供了多个波长的激光雷达后向散射观测。激光雷达系统的一个独特之处在于它们也在白天运行。现有的激光雷达系统之一具有光谱分辨率，可以通过其多普勒展宽来分离气溶胶和分子散射。该项目的第一部分将使用激光雷达的原始观测资料，以确定平流层气溶胶的后向散射和消光剖面，以及平流层气溶胶的光学深度，这些数据可转换为气溶胶的辐射强迫。此外，ALOMAR天文台的多波长观测允许检索气溶胶颗粒大小。在该项目的第二部分，将利用检索到的平流层气溶胶消光、光学深度和颗粒大小时间序列来表征20多年来北纬中高地区平流层气溶胶负荷和相关辐射强迫的变率和趋势。在这种情况下，季节变化、QBO和火山效应将至关重要。在若干次弱至中等火山喷发期间，颗粒大小的反演将为基于四肢散射观测技术的平流层气溶胶消光的卫星反演提供必要的约束条件。卫星肢体散射技术由Envisat上的SCIAMACHY仪器、Odin上的OSIRIS以及Suomi卫星上的OMPS-LP仪器应用，它依赖于对气溶胶颗粒大小的先验知识。拟议研究的预期结果将提供有关中高纬度地区平流层气溶胶参数在年代际尺度上的变率和趋势的重要新信息。

项目成果

Year-round stratospheric aerosol backscatter ratios calculated from lidar measurements above northern Norway

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-12-4065-2019
• 发表时间: 2019-03
• 期刊: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: A. Langenbach;G. Baumgarten;J. Fiedler;F. Lübken;Christian von Savigny;J. Zalach

Issues related to the retrieval of stratospheric-aerosol particle size information based on optical measurements

与基于光学测量的平流层气溶胶粒径信息检索相关的问题

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-13-1909-2020
• 发表时间: 1920
• 期刊: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: von Savigny;Hoffmann
• 通讯作者: Hoffmann