Resource Depletion and Effort-Related Cardiovascular Response

资源耗竭和与努力相关的心血管反应

• 批准号: 0450941
• 负责人: Rex Wright
• 金额: $ 29.5万
• 依托单位: University of Alabama at Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-15 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0450941&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Resource; Depletion; Effort; Related; Cardiovascular

This research is concerned with the influence of fatigue on effort and associated cardiovascular (CV) responses in people confronted with challenges. The work assumes that behavior is sustained by energy and other performance resources that are temporarily depleted the longer and more vigorously people perform. The more resource-depleted (i.e., fatigued) people become with respect to a particular type of activity (e.g., math), the less capable they should feel in relation to relevant challenges (e.g., balancing a checkbook) and the more difficult those challenges should appear to be. Based on intuition, one might expect that perceptions of difficulty that result from fatigue would lead people to lower their effort and display reduced CV arousal as a result. However, a recent formal analysis of effort intensity suggests something different. Specifically, it suggests that the perceptions should have a different impact depending on (1) the difficulty of the challenge at hand, and (2) the importance of meeting that challenge. In theory, the key is whether fatigue causes people to move from a point of believing success is possible and worthwhile to a point of believing it is not. If difficulty and importance conditions are such that success appears possible and worthwhile to a non-fatigued group, but impossible or excessively difficult to a fatigued group, effort and associated CV responses should be greater in the non-fatigued group. The reason is because those in the non-fatigued group should exert the required amount of effort, whereas those in the fatigued group should withhold their effort. If difficulty and importance conditions are such that success seems possible and worthwhile to a fatigued group as well as to a non-fatigued group, effort and associated CV responses should be greater in the fatigued group. The reason in this case is because those in the fatigued group should have to exert extra effort to compensate for their relative lack of performance resources (i.e., for their fatigue). Finally, if difficulty and importance conditions are such that success appears impossible or excessively difficult to a non-fatigued group as well as to a fatigued group, effort and associated CV responses should be equivalent for the groups as they both should withhold effort. This somewhat counterintuitive perspective on fatigue influence is noteworthy in part because it offers insight into when fatigue should and should not impair performance in real world (e.g., education, work) settings. It also is noteworthy because it highlights a condition under which chronic fatigue may pose a health risk. Specifically, chronic fatigue may pose a health risk when it leads people to strive especially hard and, as a consequence, manifest exaggerated CV responses. Five studies will be conducted over four years. The central purpose will be to evaluate the possibility that the influence of fatigue on effort and CV response to challenge varies depending on the difficulty and importance of success. It will be achieved by manipulating difficulty and importance variables and assessing the impact of those manipulations on responses of people who have been fatigued to different degrees. A further purpose of the studies will be to evaluate the idea that fatigue influence extends only to tasks relevant to the performance system that has been depleted. This will be achieved by assessing responses to tasks strongly and weakly related to the activity used to induce fatigue. To the degree that fatigue effects are task specific, they should be found only on the strongly related tasks. Because investigators have hypothesized recently that self-regulatory (i.e., restraint or inhibitory) activity may draw on a special performance resource that is not involved in sustaining other behavior, special attention will be devoted to comparing responses obtained in relation to tasks involving strong regulatory components with responses obtained in relation to tasks involving weak regulatory components.

本研究关注疲劳对面临挑战的人的努力和相关心血管（CV）反应的影响。 这项工作假设行为是由能量和其他表现资源维持的，这些资源随着人们表现的时间和精力的增加而暂时耗尽。 资源消耗越多（即，疲劳）的人变得相对于特定类型的活动（例如，数学），他们在相关挑战中的能力就越低（例如，平衡支票簿），这些挑战看起来就越困难。 根据直觉，人们可能会认为，疲劳导致的困难感会导致人们降低努力程度，从而降低CV唤醒。 然而，最近对努力强度的正式分析表明了一些不同的东西。 具体而言，它建议，这些看法应该有不同的影响取决于（1）手头的挑战的难度，（2）迎接挑战的重要性。从理论上讲，关键是疲劳是否会导致人们从相信成功是可能的和值得的转变为相信它是不可能的。 如果难度和重要性条件使得成功对于非疲劳组来说是可能的和值得的，但对于疲劳组来说是不可能的或过于困难的，则非疲劳组的努力和相关CV反应应该更大。 原因是因为那些在非疲劳组应该发挥所需的努力，而那些在疲劳组应该保留他们的努力。 如果困难和重要性条件使得成功对于疲劳组和非疲劳组都是可能的和值得的，则疲劳组的努力和相关CV反应应该更大。 在这种情况下的原因是因为疲劳组中的那些人必须付出额外的努力来补偿他们相对缺乏的性能资源（即，的疲劳）。 最后，如果难度和重要性条件使得非疲劳组和疲劳组似乎不可能成功或非常困难，则两组的努力和相关CV反应应等同，因为它们都应抑制努力。 这种关于疲劳影响的有点违反直觉的观点是值得注意的，部分原因是它提供了对疲劳何时应该和不应该损害真实的世界中的性能的洞察（例如，教育、工作）设置。 它也值得注意，因为它强调了慢性疲劳可能构成健康风险的条件。 具体来说，慢性疲劳可能会造成健康风险，当它导致人们特别努力时，结果会表现出夸大的CV反应。 将在四年内进行五项研究。 主要目的是评估疲劳对努力和CV对挑战反应的影响是否可能因成功的难度和重要性而异。 这将通过操纵难度和重要性变量并评估这些操纵对不同程度疲劳的人的反应的影响来实现。 研究的另一个目的是评估疲劳影响仅延伸到与已耗尽的绩效系统相关的任务的想法。 这将通过评估与用于诱导疲劳的活动强相关和弱相关的任务的反应来实现。 在一定程度上，疲劳效应是任务特异性的，它们应该只在强相关的任务上被发现。 因为研究人员最近假设自我调节（即，约束或抑制）活动可能利用不涉及维持其他行为的特殊表现资源，将特别注意比较涉及强调节成分的任务所获得的响应与涉及弱调节成分的任务所获得的响应。