Ability Perception and Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Response to Behavioral Challenge

这个项目调查了已经观察到的心血管(CV)对压力反应的性别差异。最常见的性别效应是男性比女性对收缩压的反应更大。然而，一些研究得出了相反的简历反应模式，另一些研究只在某些任务上产生了简历性别效应，还有一些研究根本没有产生简历性别效应。性别在哪里、如何以及为什么在简历反应上存在差异的问题具有重要的科学意义，也具有实际意义，因为长期高CV反应被怀疑会导致心血管疾病的发展，而男性患这种疾病的风险更高。目前的项目是基于对简历性别效应的感知能力分析，该分析始于这样一个假设，即女性和男性在某些任务上的感觉能力往往不同，但在其他任务上的感觉能力往往没有差异。然后，该分析应用最近的努力和简历反应模型来确定不同类型的简历性别差异应该出现和不应该出现的条件。除了揭示令研究科学家困惑了一段时间的简历研究结果的理论意义外，拟议中的实验还应该提供关于基本感知能力/简历反应关系的重要新证据，并提供一个比较与之相关的不同理论观点的特殊机会。

This project investigates sex differences that have been observed in cardiovascular (CV) response to stress. The most common sex effect is greater systolic blood pressure responsivity in men than in women. However, some studies have yielded an opposite CV response pattern, others have yielded CV sex effects only on certain tasks, and still others have yielded no CV sex effects at all. Questions of where, how, and why the sexes differ in CV response are scientifically important, and also of practical concern because chronically high CV responses are suspected to contribute to the development of CV disease, for which men are at increased risk. The current project is based on a perceived ability analysis of CV sex effects, which begins with the assumption that women and men tend to differ in how capable they feel with regard to some tasks, but tend not to differ in how capable they feel with regard to other tasks. The analysis then applies a recent model of effort and CV response to identify conditions under which CV sex differences of different types should and should not emerge. In addition to shedding theoretical light on CV findings that have puzzled research scientists for some time, the proposed experiments should provide important new evidence regarding the fundamental perceived-ability/CV-response relation and afford a special opportunity to compare different theoretical views that pertain to it.