The Legal Complex and Struggles for Political Liberalism

法律情结和政治自由主义斗争

• 批准号: 0452250
• 负责人: Terence Halliday
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: American Bar Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-15 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0452250&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Legal; Complex; Struggles; Political; Liberalism

Understanding the foundations of political liberalism has become one of most critical issues of the past fifteen years. Countries that are not democracies or that are in transition face global pressures to build moderate states via independent, competent judiciaries, to permit the opening of civil society, and to institute and protect core rights against state oppression. These elements of political liberalism are also relevant for mature democracies as they confront the growth of the administrative state, threats to their security, and potential erosion of well-entrenched civil rights. This project seeks to understand the impact of the legal complex (configurations of lawyers, judges, legal academics) on advances towards or retreats from political liberalism over recent decades. It does so in several ways: by examining their salience to contemporary political transitions; by broadening the scope of countries to East Asia, Africa, Central and Eastern Europe, and Latin America; by juxtaposing mature democracies with new democracies, transitional regimes, and illiberal regimes; and by drawing the dynamics of lawyers, judges, and legal academics into the same explanatory frame. The research enterprise brings together approximately twenty specialists on law and politics for particular countries to produce case studies of the legal complex and liberalism. The project is a collective effort where participants will deliberate intensively in two conferences to compare and contrast cases and to develop jointly new concepts and theory that can embrace the diversity of cases. The project will produce one or more books and some articles that are tightly integrated around the theoretical framework that is developed collectively, and is intended as a stepping-stone more extensive and systematic inquiry, including quantitative analysis, worldwide.

理解政治自由主义的基础已成为过去15年来最关键的问题之一。非民主国家或转型国家面临着全球压力，要求它们通过独立、有能力的司法机构建立温和的国家，允许开放民间社会，并建立和保护核心权利，使其免受国家压迫。这些政治自由主义元素也与成熟的民主国家相关，因为它们面临着行政国家的增长、对其安全的威胁，以及对根深蒂固的公民权利的潜在侵蚀。这个项目试图了解法律复合体(律师、法官、法律学者的配置)对近几十年来政治自由主义的前进或后退的影响。它通过几种方式做到这一点：通过检查它们在当代政治转型中的突出地位；通过将国家的范围扩大到东亚、非洲、中东欧和拉丁美洲；通过将成熟的民主国家与新的民主国家、过渡政权和非自由政权并列在一起；通过将律师、法官和法律学者的动态纳入同一解释框架。该研究公司为特定国家汇集了大约20名法律和政治方面的专家，以编写关于法律复杂性和自由主义的案例研究。该项目是一项集体努力，与会者将在两次会议上深入讨论，以比较和对比案件，并共同开发能够涵盖案件多样性的新概念和理论。该项目将产生一本或多本书和一些文章，这些书和文章紧密结合在集体开发的理论框架周围，旨在成为在世界范围内进行更广泛和系统的研究，包括定量分析的垫脚石。