The Greco-Arabic Optical Tradition In and Beyond Ninth-Century Baghdad

九世纪巴格达内外的希腊-阿拉伯光学传统

• 批准号: 0454457
• 负责人: Elaheh Kheirandish
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Kheirandish Elaheh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-03-15 至 2008-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0454457&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Greco; Arabic; Optical; Tradition; Beyond

Project Summary The proposed project is to conduct research on the Greco-Arabic optical tradition, a tradition initiated in ninth-century Baghdad, and continued as a basis for the important and outstanding "Optics" of Ibn al-Haytham, known in Europe as Alhazen or Alhacen (d.1040 CE). The focus is on two earlier Arabic compositions: "The Book of Optics and Burning Mirrors", attributed to a certain A?mad ibn ' and the recently discovered "Rectification of Errors and Problems of Euclid's Optics", by the prominent scholar, Ya'qb al-Kind (d. ca. 870 CE). The research project aims to produce new and conclusive knowledge based on previously unavailable sources and methods, with two immediate objectives: (a) to expose and illuminate a historically important scientific tradition within the context of a largely understudied period - that of the early optical translations and compositions in and around ninth-century Baghdad; and (b) to investigate and advance the long-unresolved problem of the composition date and author identity of the "Optics" of A?mad ibn ', a name associated with several figures in the 8-10th centuries CE, through evidence provided by the "Optics" of Al-Kind, itself the only extant Arabic text of its author on optics proper. These texts were selected for their comparable content (including exact overlaps), derivable date (of about mid ninth-century), and extendable knowledge, in particular their impact on the work of its famous author. The expected results will include English editions for the two texts, the first currently available in two Arabic manuscripts and a Hebrew transcription, and the second, in an apparently unique manuscript copy. Intellectual Merit Through linguistic analysis of those and other relevant texts, the project will solve long- standing problems of the translation and transmission of those texts from the ancient Greeks to Islamic culture. The project will contribute to the knowledge and understanding of science in ninth-century Baghdad, and as a result will provide important new insights into Islamic science. It will likewise examine the transmission of those texts to Europe in the Middle Ages and will thus explore their impact on optics and other fields of science in the Latin West. The project is also a contribution to the fast growing specialty area of Islamic science. Through the analysis of those texts, their relationship to Greek prototypes, and their impact on the comprehensive and influential volumes of Alhazen, the project will yield new information about Islamic science, the role of patrons and scholars, and the processes of transmission and translation, all still largely unappreciated by the general public. Broader Impacts The work will yield new insights into one of the most important developments of western science in general: the transmission and appropriation of ancient Greek science by Islamic culture, and its subsequent transmission to the West. Through the use of new electronic technologies, this project will make the translations widely available to those in the scholarly community and beyond. Using electronic media, in particular the 'IOTA' Project (Index for Optical Terms in Arabic)" this proposal will make the texts and the understanding of science in an increasingly vital geographical area, widely available. In teaching, the project will redress source limitations by making those and other largely untapped and understudied sources much better known and more readily accessible.

项目概述拟议的项目是对希腊-阿拉伯光学传统进行研究，这一传统始于9世纪的巴格达，并继续作为伊本·海赛姆重要而杰出的“光学”的基础，在欧洲被称为Alhazen或Alhacen（d.1040 CE）。重点是两个早期的阿拉伯组成：“光学和燃烧的镜子之书”，归因于一定的A？mad ibn“和最近发现的“纠正错误和问题的欧几里得的光学”，由著名学者，Ya'qb al-Kind（d.约870 CE）。该研究项目的目的是根据以前没有的资料来源和方法产生新的结论性知识，有两个直接目标：（a）在一个基本上未得到充分研究的时期-即9世纪巴格达及其周围地区的早期光学翻译和作曲-的背景下，揭示和阐明一个具有重要历史意义的科学传统;（B）对A？mad ibn '，一个名字与几个数字在8- 10世纪CE，通过提供的证据“光学”的Al-金德，本身是唯一现存的阿拉伯文文本，其作者对光学正确。 这些文本之所以被选中，是因为它们的内容具有可比性（包括确切的重叠部分）、可推导的日期（大约9世纪中期）和可扩展的知识，特别是它们对著名作者的作品的影响。预期的成果将包括两个文本的英文版，第一个文本目前有两个阿拉伯文手稿和一个希伯来文抄本，第二个文本有一个显然独特的手稿副本。 通过对这些和其他相关文本的语言分析，该项目将解决这些文本从古希腊到伊斯兰文化的翻译和传播的长期问题。 该项目将有助于了解和理解9世纪巴格达的科学，从而为伊斯兰科学提供重要的新见解。 它也将研究这些文本在中世纪传播到欧洲的情况，从而探讨它们对拉丁美洲西部光学和其他科学领域的影响。 该项目也是对快速发展的伊斯兰科学专业领域的贡献。 通过对这些文本的分析，它们与希腊原型的关系，以及它们对全面而有影响力的Alhazen卷的影响，该项目将产生有关伊斯兰科学的新信息，赞助人和学者的作用，以及传播和翻译的过程，所有这些都在很大程度上尚未得到公众的赞赏。 更广泛的影响 这项工作将产生对西方科学最重要的发展之一的新见解：伊斯兰文化对古希腊科学的传播和挪用，以及随后向西方的传播。 通过使用新的电子技术，该项目将使翻译广泛提供给学术界和其他领域的人。 利用电子媒体，特别是'IOTA'项目（阿拉伯语光学术语索引），这一建议将使文本和对科学的理解在一个日益重要的地理区域广泛提供。 在教学方面，该项目将通过使这些和其他基本上未开发和研究不足的资源更好地了解和更容易获得，来解决资源限制问题。