Quantum Chaos and Electromagnetic Chaos

左手超材料（LHM）是一种对入射电磁波表现出负折射率的人工构造介质，最近在微波频率上已经实现。关于LHM的研究，包括PI在《自然》和《物理评论快报》上发表的报告，被《科学》杂志选为2003年的重大突破之一。PI已经建立了一个最先进的项目，结合了微波实验、准经典分析和数值模拟能力。这些能力将用于探索LHM负折射产生的新现象和应用。该小组将设计和制造由复合超材料（I型）或光子晶体（II型）制成的LHM。LHM极大地影响了被其部分填充的腔的光谱和本征函数，并可能在微腔激光中得到新的应用。利用负折射成像的新方法将被探索，包括由于倏逝波的放大而产生的亚波长分辨率。将制作和研究由LHM板制成的平面透镜和超透镜，其目的是通过传播波和倏逝波实现近乎完美的图像重建。利用负折射的新型光学元件将得到开发，例如用于聚焦远处物体的平凹透镜。在这些介质中，即使经典光学或射线光学极限是混沌的，相干散射也会导致像的形成。利用负折射重建图像的一般原理将被发展和建立。实验室规模的微波实验将缩小到纳米长度，以研究利用光子晶体和光学频率的混沌散射成像。研究生、本科生和博士后将在前沿研究领域进行培训。量子混沌和负折射的概念将被纳入教育课程。研究结果将通过出版物和简报传播。将设立一个网站，向更广泛的公众传播主要结果。

Left-handed Metamaterials (LHM) are artificially constructed media that exhibit negative index of refraction for incident electromagnetic waves and that have been recently realized at microwave frequencies. Research on LHM including the PI's reports published in Nature and Physical Review Letters, has been selected by the journal Science as one of the breakthroughs of the year 2003. The PI has established a state-of-the-art program that combines microwave experiments, quasi-classical analytical and numerical simulation capabilities. These capabilities will be used to explore new phenomena and applications arising from negative refraction in LHM. The group will design and fabricate LHM either from composite metamaterials (Type I) or photonic crystals (Type II). LHM drastically affect the spectra and eigenfunctions of cavities partially filled by them, and may lead to new applications in microcavity lasing. New approaches to imaging using negative refraction will be explored, including sub-wavelength resolution due to amplification of evanescent waves. Flat lenses and Superlenses made of a slab of LHM, which aim to achieve near perfect image reconstruction by both propagating and evanescent waves, will be fabricated and studied. New optical elements using negative refraction will be developed, such as plano-concave lenses for focusing distant objects. In these media, coherent scattering leads to image formation even though the classical or ray optics limit is chaotic. The general principles of image reconstruction using negative refraction will be developed and established. The laboratory scale microwave experiments will be scaled down to nanometer lengths to study imaging using photonic crystals and chaotic scattering at optical frequencies. Graduate and undergraduate students and post-doctoral fellows will be trained in areas of cutting edge research. The concepts of quantum chaos and negative refraction will be incorporated into the educational curriculum. The results will be disseminated by publications and presentations. A web site will be created to disseminate the principal results to the wider public.