Heat Transfer from Nanoparticles to Liquids

翻译后摘要：从纳米颗粒到液体的热能运输这个建议是作为一个主动提交给化学和运输系统司，并资助了热运输和热处理计划。 纳米颗粒在热工程中的应用是一项快速发展的技术。一个典型的例子是纳米颗粒工程冷却剂，与没有添加纳米颗粒的冷却剂相比，它表现出比传统冷却剂更高的冷却速率，这是微电子热管理的关键特征。纳米生物技术是另一个例子：加热结合到生物分子上的纳米颗粒允许对所选分子进行局部加热，从而实现精确控制的生化反应，而不影响相邻分子。对于这些应用，了解热能从纳米颗粒到周围介质的传输机制以指导纳米热系统的设计是非常重要的。该研究项目的智力价值是发展从单个纳米颗粒到周围液体介质的纳米级热传输的基本理解。该研究计划包括开发精确测量纳米颗粒及其周围介质温度分布的技术，以及使用先进光子源表征纳米颗粒-液体结构。纳米粒子的物理结构，接近界面的液体分子的纳米结构，以及热能传输的高级建模将被开发和应用。该研究将揭示硬材料（固体颗粒）和软材料（液体分子）如何结合在一起形成不同的纳米中间结构，以及热能如何通过软硬材料系统中的纳米结构传递。它将推进纳米材料热性能的测量技术和纳米热系统的建模技术，并最终进一步加深我们对纳米材料的基本理解。该研究的广泛影响跨越多个学科，包括热工程，分子结构和运输以及生物工程。这项研究也将对教育产生重大影响。 教育计划包括开发纳米技术新课程，并招募高中生、本科生、代表性不足的学生和研究生从事该项目。

Abstract:Thermal Energy Transport from Nanoparticles to Liquids This proposal was received as an unsolicited submission to the Chemical and Transport Systems Division and was funded by the Thermal Transport and Thermal Processing Program. Incorporating nanoparticles in thermal engineering is a rapidly growing technology. A typical example is a nanoparticle-engineered coolant, which exhibits a significantly higher cooling rate than traditional coolants compared with coolants without nanoparticles added, a feature crucial for thermal management of microelectronics. Nano-biotechnology is another example: heating nanoparticles bonded to biological molecules allows localized heating on the selected molecules, thereby achieving precisely-controlled biochemical reaction without affecting neighboring molecules. For these applications, it is extremely important to understand the mechanisms involved in the transport of thermal energy from the nanoparticle to the surrounding media in order to guide the design of nano-thermal systems. The Intellectual Merit of the research project is to develop a fundamental understanding of nanoscale thermal transport from single nanoparticles to surrounding liquid medium. The research plan includes the development of techniques to precisely measure the temperature distribution of the nanoparticle and its surrounding medium, and the characterization of nanoparticle-liquid structure using advanced photon sources. Advanced modeling of the physical structures of nanoparticles, nanostructures of liquid molecules close to the interface, and thermal energy transport will be developed and applied. The study will reveal how hard materials (solid particles) and soft materials (liquid molecules) are bound together to form different nano- intermediate structures, and how thermal energy is transferred through the nanostructure in hard-soft material systems. It will advance measurement techniques for thermal properties of nanomaterials, and modeling techniques for nano- thermal systems, and ultimately further our fundamental understanding of nanomaterials. The broad impact of the research spans multiple disciplines, including thermal engineering, molecular structure and transport, and bioengineering. The research will also have significant impacts on education. The education plan includes development of new courses on nanotechnology, and recruiting high-school students, undergraduate students, underrepresented students and graduate students to work on the project.