Heat Transfer from Nanoparticles to Liquids

摘要：从纳米颗粒到液体的热能传输这项提案是作为主动提交给化学和传输系统司的，并由热传输和热处理计划资助。将纳米粒子纳入热工技术是一项快速发展的技术。一个典型的例子是纳米颗粒工程冷却剂，与没有添加纳米颗粒的冷却剂相比，它的冷却速度明显高于传统冷却剂，这是微电子热管理的关键特征。纳米生物技术是另一个例子：加热结合在生物分子上的纳米颗粒可以对选定的分子进行局部加热，从而实现精确控制的生化反应，而不会影响邻近的分子。对于这些应用，为了指导纳米热系统的设计，了解热能从纳米颗粒到周围介质的传输机制是极其重要的。该研究项目的智力价值在于对单个纳米粒子到周围液体介质的纳米尺度热传输有一个基本的理解。研究计划包括开发精确测量纳米颗粒及其周围介质温度分布的技术，以及使用先进的光子源表征纳米颗粒-液体结构。纳米粒子的物理结构、靠近界面的液体分子的纳米结构以及热能传输的高级模型将被开发和应用。这项研究将揭示硬材料(固体颗粒)和软材料(液体分子)如何结合在一起形成不同的纳米中间结构，以及热能如何在硬-软材料系统中通过纳米结构传递。它将促进纳米材料热性能的测量技术和纳米热系统的建模技术，并最终加深我们对纳米材料的基本理解。这项研究的广泛影响跨越多个学科，包括热工程、分子结构和运输以及生物工程。这项研究也将对教育产生重大影响。该教育计划包括开发有关纳米技术的新课程，并招募高中生、本科生、代表性不足的学生和研究生参与该项目。

Abstract:Thermal Energy Transport from Nanoparticles to Liquids This proposal was received as an unsolicited submission to the Chemical and Transport Systems Division and was funded by the Thermal Transport and Thermal Processing Program. Incorporating nanoparticles in thermal engineering is a rapidly growing technology. A typical example is a nanoparticle-engineered coolant, which exhibits a significantly higher cooling rate than traditional coolants compared with coolants without nanoparticles added, a feature crucial for thermal management of microelectronics. Nano-biotechnology is another example: heating nanoparticles bonded to biological molecules allows localized heating on the selected molecules, thereby achieving precisely-controlled biochemical reaction without affecting neighboring molecules. For these applications, it is extremely important to understand the mechanisms involved in the transport of thermal energy from the nanoparticle to the surrounding media in order to guide the design of nano-thermal systems. The Intellectual Merit of the research project is to develop a fundamental understanding of nanoscale thermal transport from single nanoparticles to surrounding liquid medium. The research plan includes the development of techniques to precisely measure the temperature distribution of the nanoparticle and its surrounding medium, and the characterization of nanoparticle-liquid structure using advanced photon sources. Advanced modeling of the physical structures of nanoparticles, nanostructures of liquid molecules close to the interface, and thermal energy transport will be developed and applied. The study will reveal how hard materials (solid particles) and soft materials (liquid molecules) are bound together to form different nano- intermediate structures, and how thermal energy is transferred through the nanostructure in hard-soft material systems. It will advance measurement techniques for thermal properties of nanomaterials, and modeling techniques for nano- thermal systems, and ultimately further our fundamental understanding of nanomaterials. The broad impact of the research spans multiple disciplines, including thermal engineering, molecular structure and transport, and bioengineering. The research will also have significant impacts on education. The education plan includes development of new courses on nanotechnology, and recruiting high-school students, undergraduate students, underrepresented students and graduate students to work on the project.