Doctoral Dissertation Research: Urban Government and Residential Segregation in Brazil

博士论文研究：巴西的城市政府和居住隔离

• 批准号: 0503304
• 负责人: Alejandro Portes
• 金额: $ 0.39万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0503304&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Urban; Government

Alejandro PortesAdrianna AbdenurPrinceton UniversityLatin American cities historically have exhibited high levels of class segregation between neighborhoods. Since the mid-1980s, countries in the region has an increase in wealth inequality and soaring crime rates that have produced residential changes like the spread of gated communities in cities across the region. Despite regional trends there has been considerable variation in the orientation of local governments towards residential segregation. Yet, however, recent research on urban segregation in Latin America has focused on the role of market forces -- particularly the effects of liberalized land markets -- and broader exogenous phenomena such as economic restructuring in shaping segregation. As a result, the role of city government in shaping urban segregation in the region has not been well analyzed. This research examines the following question: What impact have city governments had on patterns of class segregation? The first part of the dissertation is a quantitative analysis, using Brazilian census data, of how government structure and policy impacts residential class segregation. The second part is an in-depth comparison of elite neighborhoods in four cities -- Rio de Janeiro, Recife, Porto Alegre, and Fortaleza. Archival and interview data will be analyzed to trace the impact that these cities' local governments have had (whether through state action or omission) on the production of spatial segregation patterns since the mid-1980s. The primary focus of the project is on the class dimension of segregation, which has received less empirical attention than race-based segregation. This study of how urban governance impacts socioeconomic segregation in Latin America has implications beyond the region itself. At a theoretical level, examining how city governments shape segregation will elucidate the role of the state (i.e., perpetuating or alleviating) in the spatial dimensions of inequality. The study could also potentially shed light on the range of policy alternatives pursued over the past twenty years as well as their concrete consequences.

普林斯顿大学拉丁美洲的城市历史上一直表现出社区之间高度的阶级隔离。自20世纪80年代中期以来，该地区各国的财富不平等加剧，犯罪率飙升，导致住宅发生变化，如该地区城市中封闭式社区的蔓延。尽管存在区域趋势，但地方政府对居住隔离的取向存在很大差异。然而，最近关于拉丁美洲城市隔离的研究集中于市场力量的作用-特别是自由化的土地市场的影响-以及更广泛的外部现象，如经济结构调整在形成隔离方面的作用。因此，市政府在形成该地区城市隔离方面的作用没有得到很好的分析。 本研究探讨了以下问题：城市政府对阶级隔离模式有什么影响？ 论文的第一部分是一个定量分析，使用巴西人口普查数据，政府结构和政策如何影响居住阶层隔离。第二部分是对里约热内卢、累西腓、波尔图、阿莱格雷和福塔莱萨四个城市精英社区的深入比较。 档案和访谈数据将进行分析，以跟踪的影响，这些城市的地方政府有（无论是通过国家的作为或不作为）的空间隔离模式的生产自20世纪80年代中期。 该项目的主要重点是种族隔离的阶级层面，这比基于种族的隔离得到了较少的实证关注。这项关于城市治理如何影响拉丁美洲社会经济隔离的研究，其影响超出了该地区本身。在理论层面上，研究市政府如何塑造隔离将阐明国家的作用（即，（1）在空间上的不平等。这项研究还可能揭示过去20年来所采取的各种政策选择及其具体后果。