Dynamics of Nanostructures: Clusters, Polymers, and Surfaces

纳米结构动力学：簇、聚合物和表面

• 批准号: 0504854
• 负责人: Ahmed Zewail
• 金额: $ 75万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-01 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0504854&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dynamics; Nanostructures; Clusters; Polymers; Surfaces

This project will explore two main themes: 1) the application of novel diffraction techniques to examine, with atomic-scale spatial resolution, solid surfaces and materials; 2) a real-time study of solvation in the condensed phase. The intellectual merit of these research activities stem from the development of novel experimental techniques and theoretical methods, both of which are aimed at defining concepts for the role of dynamics in functions. Techniques to be developed and used in this research include femtosecond spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electron diffraction (crystallography), and molecular biology. The objectives include resolving and studying important features of the dynamics involved in the correlation of structure to function and to the transition from the mesoscopic to the condensed-phase limit. Studies of microscopic solvation, molecular recognition, and surface recognition and reactivity offer a unique opportunity to test, on a fundamental level, molecular interactions under controlled conditions of size, density, and distance, and with atomic-scale resolution. These studies cover elementary and complex molecular systems.In this proposal, the goal is to examine the dynamical nature of matter and life molecules at the atomic scale of motion. Only with femtosecond (a millionth of a billionth of a second) time resolution can we observe such motion. The uncovering of the behavior of atoms and molecules is fundamental to our understanding of the properties of matter and to how life molecules do their function, and in turn, for our potential control of future materials and molecular behavior in, e.g., drug recognition by genes.The broader impacts of this project will significantly influence three major areas: First, the impact on other fields, in particular materials science, nanoscience, and bioscience; Second, the development of novel techniques for the advancement of new technologies, and vice versa, for this particular project, in ultrafast imaging and optics - one of these advancements, the development of ultrafast electron crystallography (UEC) constitutes, for its uniqueness, a national resource; thirdly, there is a significant emphasis on advancing educational objectives. This group at Caltech has had over the years more than 200 graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, and visiting associates, the majority of whom are now in leading academic, industrial, and educational positions. This project will assure a significant impact in preparing future leaders in science and technology for positions in industry, university, and national laboratories. This project is co-funded by the Chemistry Division and the Division of Materials Research.

该项目将探索两个主题：1）应用新型衍射技术以原子尺度的空间分辨率检查固体表面和材料; 2）实时研究凝聚相中的溶剂化。这些研究活动的智力价值源于新的实验技术和理论方法的发展，这两种方法的目的都是为了定义功能中动态作用的概念。 在这项研究中开发和使用的技术包括飞秒光谱，质谱，电子衍射（晶体学）和分子生物学。 其目标包括解决和研究的重要特征的结构功能的相关性和从介观到凝聚相极限的过渡所涉及的动力学。微观溶剂化，分子识别，表面识别和反应性的研究提供了一个独特的机会，测试，在一个基本的水平上，在控制条件下的大小，密度和距离的分子相互作用，并与原子尺度的分辨率。 这些研究涵盖了基本和复杂的分子系统。在这个提议中，目标是在原子运动的尺度上研究物质和生命分子的动力学性质。 只有飞秒（十亿分之一秒的百万分之一）的时间分辨率，我们才能观察到这样的运动。 揭示原子和分子的行为对于我们理解物质的性质以及生命分子如何发挥其功能至关重要，反过来，对于我们未来的材料和分子行为的潜在控制，例如，该项目的广泛影响将对三个主要领域产生重大影响：第一，对其他领域的影响，特别是材料科学，纳米科学和生物科学;第二，为新技术的进步开发新技术，反之亦然，对于这个特定的项目，在超快成像和光学-这些进步之一，超快电子晶体学（UEC）的发展，由于其独特性，构成了一个国家的资源;第三，有一个显着的重点是推进教育目标。 多年来，加州理工学院的这个小组已经有200多名研究生，博士后研究员和访问学者，其中大多数人现在都在学术，工业和教育方面处于领先地位。该项目将确保在工业，大学和国家实验室的职位准备未来的领导人在科学和技术的重大影响。该项目由化学部和材料研究部共同资助。