U.S.-Egypt Cooperative Research: Ionic Crosslinking - A Novel Method for Fabric Stabilization

0513828史密斯描述：该项目支持C。布伦特史密斯，纺织化学系，北卡罗来纳州州立大学（NCSU）和穆罕默德哈希姆博士，国家研究中心，开罗，埃及。 PI将考虑用于处理棉花的新化学系统，通过使用不释放甲醛的离子交联剂，在不使用甲醛等有害化学物质的情况下提高性能。目的是为纤维素织物提供更好的湿和干皱纹恢复性（WRA），以及其他优点，如抗微生物活性和增强的染色性。研究采用离子交联法对棉织物进行抗皱免烫整理。这将涉及用阴离子材料处理棉花，然后与聚阳离子反应;或与阳离子材料反应，然后施加聚阴离子。他们将通过使纤维素与氯乙酸（CAA）反应以将负阴离子位点附着到纤维素纤维上来制造阴离子棉，并用各种各样的阳离子处理阴离子纤维素以获得改善的WRA性能。他们还将用3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵（CHTAC）处理纤维素织物，以将阳离子位点连接到纤维上，然后用各种各样的阴离子处理织物。智力优势：当用基于甲醛的交联剂处理时，纤维素织物显示出改善的机械稳定性、折痕回复角（CRA）和耐久压烫性能。 但树脂处理也会导致织物失去强度，随后释放出甲醛，一种已知的人类致癌物质。PI发现，离子交联可用于稳定纤维素，使用高分子量反应性离子材料，不释放危险的反应性化学品，但同时提供出色的CRA以及处理后的货物的完全强度保留。 PI计划研究这种稳定的物理和化学机制，并测试各种离子交联剂和在纤维素纺织材料中产生这些交联的方法。这需要：1）化学实验室的基础研究，2）在商业生产环境中实施最佳化学原理。更广泛的影响：为了稳定棉纺织品（几乎在所有地方都广泛使用），它们普遍使用树脂处理，随后释放出甲醛，这是一种已知的人类致癌物质。这些树脂也会导致强度损失和颜色变化。纺织品生产商的长期目标是在不使用基于甲醛的反应物的情况下生产容易护理、耐磨损的纤维素织物。此外，棉上离子电荷的存在可以允许相反电荷的染料的高得多的上染率。这为解决印染行业面临的两个最大问题提供了可能：（1）纺织品染色过程中废水中过多的颜色浪费和颜色污染，以及（2）目前用于染色棉织物的大量盐引起的水生毒性。该项目为埃及科学家提供了一个机会，使他们能够扩大一种长期以来可以为埃及服务的专门知识，由于埃及是一个棉花生产国，这可能导致该国的经济和技术进步。 该项目将涉及至少一名博士后学生的支持，也将涉及NCSU的研究生。PI将与其他学术研究人员以及化学品制造商和纺织品制造商进行互动。 该项目得到了美国-埃及联合基金方案的支持，该方案向两国的科学家和工程师提供赠款，以开展这些合作活动。

0513828SmithDescription: This project supports a collaborative research between Dr. C. Brent Smith, Department of Textile Chemistry, North Carolina State University (NCSU) and Dr. Mohamed Hashem, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt. The PIs will consider new chemical systems for treating cotton, that give enhanced performance without using harmful chemicals like formaldehyde, by using ionic crosslinking agents that don't release formaldehyde. The goal is to provide better wet and dry wrinkle recovery (WRA) for cellulosic fabrics, as well as other advantages, such as antimicrobial activity and enhanced dyeability. The research will cover the ionic crosslinking method to produce non-wrinkle durable-press effects for cotton. This will involve treating cotton with either an anionic material, then reacting with a polycation; or reacting with a cationic material, then applying a polyanion. They will make anionic cotton by reacting cellulose with chloroacetic acid (CAA) to attach negative anionic sites to the cellulosic fibers, and treat the anionic cellulose with a wide variety of positive cations to get improved WRA performance. They also will treat cellulosic fabric with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHTAC) to attach positive cationic sites to the fiber, and then treat the cloth with a wide variety of negative anions. Intellectual Merit: When treated with formaldehyde-based crosslinkers, cellulosic fabrics show improved mechanical stability, crease recovery angle (CRA) and durable press performance. But resin treatment also causes fabrics to lose strength, and later to release formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen. The PIs have discovered that ionic crosslinks can be used to stabilize cellulose using high molecular weight reactive ionic materials that do not release hazardous reactive chemicals, but at the same time provide outstanding CRA as well as complete strength retention in treated goods. The PIs plan to study the physical and chemical mechanism of this stabilization and to test a wide variety of ionic crosslinking agents and methods for producing these crosslinks in cellulosic textile materials. This requires: 1) basic research in the chemical laboratory, and 2) implementation of the best chemical principles in a commercial production setting. The results have the potential for positive environmental impacts.Broader impacts: To stabilize cotton textile products, which are widely used nearly everywhere, they are universally treated with resins that later release formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen. These resins also can cause strength loss and color change. A long-standing goal of textiles producers is to produce easy care, wrinkle-resistant cellulosic fabrics without the use of formaldehyde-based reactants. Also, the presence of ionic charges on cotton can allow much higher exhaustion of dyes of the opposite charge. This give a possible solution to the two greatest problems facing cotton dyers: (1) Excessive color waste and color pollution in the wastewater from textile dyeing operations, and (2) aquatic toxicity caused by massive amounts of salt that are currently used to dye cotton goods. The project provides an opportunity for the Egyptian scientists to expand a type of expertise that could serve their country well over time, and since Egypt is a cotton producer, this could lead to economic and technical advances in that country. The project will involve support for at least one post-doctoral student, and will also involve graduate students at NCSU. The PIs will interact with other academic investigators, as well as chemical manufacturers and textile manufacturers. This project is being supported under the US-Egypt Joint Fund Program, which provides grants to scientists and engineers in both countries to carry out these cooperative activities.