SGER: Fringelites: Fossil Organic Molecules as a Proxy for Phylogeny in Paleozoic Crinoids

Fringelites：化石有机分子作为古生代海百合系统发育分析的代用品。Ausich和Y.-摘要爱荷华州（早密西西比期）的海百合化石以其良好的保存和特有的种属颜色而闻名。类似的颜色趋势发生在印第安纳州的博登群（密西西比）海百合，以及北美和欧洲的其他地区，但这些趋势背后的原因和这些信息的应用以前没有被调查。无机色素通常是化石中不寻常的颜色的原因，但在这种情况下，种特异性的颜色是由于有机分子，并不完全是埋藏过程的遗迹。 从色调，色度和饱和度的观察，这些海百合排序到他们的形态确定的系统发育分组。因此，负责着色的分子是充当系统发育重建的代理的候选者。将检测来自北美和欧洲多个地点的可识别基底和放射板是否存在生物标志物分子。选择用于分析的样本以在几个分类学水平上测试分支特异性生物标志物的区别。 将对几种海百合化石的水提取物的发色有机分子的光谱数据进行分析，并通过紫外-可见光谱法、气相色谱-质谱法和荧光测定法获得光谱数据。 对古生代和中生代海百合中有机分子的初步研究表明存在取代的蒽醌分子。将分析提取物中的复杂分子作为系统发育分析的可追踪特征的效用。 此外，两个系统发育树将构建现代海百合的生物标志物和遗传标记（DNA）的基础上，然后比较现代海百合的系统发育的历史认识，以测试三者之间的一致性，以确定使用化石中的生物标志物分子作为辅助解释海百合的系统发育的适用性。 最终，PI的目标是设计一种方法，在特定的海百合和该物种特有的生物标志物指数之间建立某种相关性。

SGER: Fringelites: Fossil Organic Molecules as a Proxy for Phylogenetic Analysis in Paleozoic CrinoidsW.I. Ausich and Y.-P. ChinOhio State UniversityEAR-0514203ABSTRACTFossil crinoids from LeGrand Iowa (Early Mississippian) are famous for their excellent preservation and characteristic species-specific coloration. Similar trends in color occur among crinoids from the Borden Group (Mississippian) of Indiana, as well as other locations across North America and Europe, but the reasons behind these trends and applications of this information have not previously been investigated. Inorganic pigments are usually the cause of unusual coloration in fossils, but in this case the species-specific coloration is due to organic molecules and is not entirely a relic of taphonomic processes. From hue, chroma and saturation observations alone, these crinoids sort into their morphologically determined phylogenetic groupings. Therefore, the molecules responsible for the colorations are candidates to function as a proxy for phylogenetic reconstruction. Identifiable basal and radial plates from multiple localities in North America and Europe will be tested for the presence of biomarker molecules. Specimens for analysis were selected to test for clade-specific biomarker distinctions at several taxonomic levels. Spectroscopic data of chromophoric organic molecules will be analyzed for aqueous extracts for several species of fossil crinoids and spectral data will be obtained by UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible Light Spectroscopy), GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) and Fluorometry. Preliminary work on the organic molecules in Paleozoic and Mesozoic crinoids indicates the presence of substituted anthraquinone molecules. Complex molecules in the extracts will be analyzed for their utility as trackable characters for phylogenetic analysis. Additionally, two phylogenetic trees will be constructed for modern crinoids based on biomarkers and genetic markers (DNA), then compared to the historical understanding of modern crinoid phylogeny to test for congruence among the three trees to determine the applicability of using biomarker molecules in fossils as an aid in interpreting crinoid phylogeny. Ultimately, PIs' goal is to devise a means for establishing some correlation between a specific crinoid and a biomarker index unique to that species.