SGER: Fringelites: Fossil Organic Molecules as a Proxy for Phylogeny in Paleozoic Crinoids

SGER：Fringelites：化石有机分子作为古生代CrinoidsW.I.Ausich和Y.P.Chinohio State University EAR-0514203ABSTRACT来自LeGrand Iowa(密西西比州早期)的化石有机分子以其良好的保存和特有的物种颜色而闻名。在印第安纳州的Borden Group(密西西比州)以及北美和欧洲的其他地区的海百合中也出现了类似的颜色趋势，但这些趋势背后的原因和这些信息的应用以前没有被调查过。无机颜料通常是化石中不寻常颜色的原因，但在这种情况下，物种特有的颜色是由于有机分子造成的，并不完全是攻丝过程的遗迹。仅从色调、色度和饱和度观察，这些海兰科动物就被归类到它们由形态决定的系统发育群中。因此，负责染色的分子是作为系统发育重建代理的候选分子。来自北美和欧洲多个地区的可识别基板和放射板将进行生物标记分子的存在测试。选择要分析的标本，在几个分类水平上测试支系特有的生物标记物的区别。发色有机分子的光谱数据将分析几种化石海百合的水提取液，光谱数据将通过UV-VIS(紫外线-可见光光谱)、GC-MS(气相色谱-质谱分析)和荧光法获得。对古生代和中生代海葵中有机分子的初步研究表明，存在取代的蒽醌分子。萃取物中的复杂分子将被分析作为系统发育分析的可追踪特征。此外，还将根据生物标志物和遗传标记(DNA)构建两个现代海百合的系统发育树，然后与历史上对现代海百合系统发育的理解进行比较，以检验三棵树之间的一致性，以确定利用化石中的生物标记物分子作为辅助解释海百合系统发育的适用性。归根结底，PI的目标是设计一种方法，在特定的眼镜蛇和该物种特有的生物标记指数之间建立某种关联。

SGER: Fringelites: Fossil Organic Molecules as a Proxy for Phylogenetic Analysis in Paleozoic CrinoidsW.I. Ausich and Y.-P. ChinOhio State UniversityEAR-0514203ABSTRACTFossil crinoids from LeGrand Iowa (Early Mississippian) are famous for their excellent preservation and characteristic species-specific coloration. Similar trends in color occur among crinoids from the Borden Group (Mississippian) of Indiana, as well as other locations across North America and Europe, but the reasons behind these trends and applications of this information have not previously been investigated. Inorganic pigments are usually the cause of unusual coloration in fossils, but in this case the species-specific coloration is due to organic molecules and is not entirely a relic of taphonomic processes. From hue, chroma and saturation observations alone, these crinoids sort into their morphologically determined phylogenetic groupings. Therefore, the molecules responsible for the colorations are candidates to function as a proxy for phylogenetic reconstruction. Identifiable basal and radial plates from multiple localities in North America and Europe will be tested for the presence of biomarker molecules. Specimens for analysis were selected to test for clade-specific biomarker distinctions at several taxonomic levels. Spectroscopic data of chromophoric organic molecules will be analyzed for aqueous extracts for several species of fossil crinoids and spectral data will be obtained by UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible Light Spectroscopy), GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) and Fluorometry. Preliminary work on the organic molecules in Paleozoic and Mesozoic crinoids indicates the presence of substituted anthraquinone molecules. Complex molecules in the extracts will be analyzed for their utility as trackable characters for phylogenetic analysis. Additionally, two phylogenetic trees will be constructed for modern crinoids based on biomarkers and genetic markers (DNA), then compared to the historical understanding of modern crinoid phylogeny to test for congruence among the three trees to determine the applicability of using biomarker molecules in fossils as an aid in interpreting crinoid phylogeny. Ultimately, PIs' goal is to devise a means for establishing some correlation between a specific crinoid and a biomarker index unique to that species.