Doctoral Dissertation Research: Quotas and Communities: Privatizing Access to Marine Resources in the North Pacific

以市场为基础的捕捞配额政策已被证明提高了经济效率，但以这种方式将资源访问权私有化可能会限制其他重要的社会目标，如分配公平。北太平洋最明显的例子是小而偏远的渔业社区的配额大量丧失，从而丧失了捕鱼权。由于世界各地的可交易配额计划经常产生类似的趋势，社区保护条款经常被推荐为捕鱼配额计划的组成部分。最近在北太平洋实施的一个这样的项目，为探索影响基于社区的分配政策成功的因素提供了一个独特的机会。本论文的文化人类学研究项目将利用北太平洋大比目鱼和旗鱼个体捕捞配额渔业十年的历史，从个体和群落两个方面来探索这些分布问题。该项目旨在了解小型偏远捕鱼社区失去配额的根本原因，以及新实施的旨在改变此类转让模式的社区配额计划成功的预测因素。这篇论文的研究对环境人类学日益增长的领域做出了贡献，并将特别增加关于分配公平和公平、集体所有权和基于社区的资源管理以及当代美洲原住民社区的学术研究。广泛的影响：理解访问权私有化的分配和社会文化影响是一个远远超出美国渔业管理的基本社会问题。这项研究直接探讨了资源获取和所有权问题，这些问题可能有助于当前关于公共资源私有化的辩论。更具体地说，这项研究将向资源管理者提供关于个人和社区配额计划结果的实用信息，这些信息可以为未来的政策提供信息，这些政策可能更好地纳入资源和社区可持续发展的目标。此外，该项目还促进了对一名年轻社会科学家的教育。

Market-based fishing quota policies have been shown to increase economic efficiency, but privatizing resource access rights in this way can limit other important social goals such as distributional equity. The most striking example of this in the North Pacific is the substantial loss of quota, and hence fishing rights, from small, remote, fishing communities. As similar trends have frequently resulted from tradable quota programs around the world, community protection provisions are often recommended components of fishing quota programs. One such program, recently implemented in the North Pacific, provides a unique opportunity to explore the factors that affect the success of community-based distributive policies. This dissertation research project in cultural anthropology will use the ten-year history of the North Pacific halibut and sablefish individual fishing quota fisheries to explore these distributive concerns, both with respect to individuals and communities. The project aims to understand the root causes for the loss of quota from small, remote, fishing communities, and predictors for the success of a newly implemented community quota program that is meant to alter such transfer patterns. This dissertation research contributes to the growing field of environmental anthropology, and will specifically add to scholarship concerning distributive equity and fairness, collective ownership and community-based resource management, and contemporary Native American communities.Broader Impacts: Understanding the distributive and sociocultural effects of privatizing access rights is a fundamental societal question that extends far beyond U.S. fisheries management. This research directly explores questions of resource access and ownership that can contribute to current debates concerning the privatization of public resources. More specifically, this research will provide practical information to resource managers about the outcomes of individual and community-based quota programs that can inform future policy that may better incorporate the goals of both resource and community sustainability. In addition the project advances the education of a young social scientist.