Doctoral Dissertation Research: Quotas and Communities: Privatizing Access to Marine Resources in the North Pacific

以市场为基础的捕捞配额政策已被证明可以提高经济效率，但以这种方式将资源获取权私有化可能会限制其他重要的社会目标，如分配公平。北太平洋最突出的例子是，偏远的小型渔业社区大量丧失配额，从而丧失捕鱼权。由于世界各地的可交易配额计划经常导致类似的趋势，因此社区保护规定往往是捕捞配额计划的建议组成部分。最近在北太平洋地区实施的一个这样的项目提供了一个独特的机会，可以探索影响以社区为基础的分配政策成功的因素。本论文的研究项目在文化人类学将使用十年的历史，北太平洋大比目鱼和sablefish个人捕捞配额渔业探索这些分配的问题，无论是对个人和社区。该项目旨在了解小型、偏远渔业社区配额损失的根本原因，以及旨在改变这种转移模式的新实施的社区配额计划成功的预测因素。本论文的研究有助于环境人类学的日益增长的领域，并将专门增加有关分配公平和公正，集体所有权和基于社区的资源管理，和当代美洲原住民communities.Broader影响奖学金：了解私有化访问权的分配和社会文化影响是一个基本的社会问题，远远超出了美国渔业管理。这项研究直接探讨了资源的获取和所有权问题，有助于当前关于公共资源私有化的辩论。更具体地说，这项研究将提供实用的信息，以资源管理人员对个人和社区为基础的配额计划，可以告知未来的政策，可能会更好地结合资源和社区可持续发展的目标的结果。此外，该项目还促进了青年社会科学家的教育。

Market-based fishing quota policies have been shown to increase economic efficiency, but privatizing resource access rights in this way can limit other important social goals such as distributional equity. The most striking example of this in the North Pacific is the substantial loss of quota, and hence fishing rights, from small, remote, fishing communities. As similar trends have frequently resulted from tradable quota programs around the world, community protection provisions are often recommended components of fishing quota programs. One such program, recently implemented in the North Pacific, provides a unique opportunity to explore the factors that affect the success of community-based distributive policies. This dissertation research project in cultural anthropology will use the ten-year history of the North Pacific halibut and sablefish individual fishing quota fisheries to explore these distributive concerns, both with respect to individuals and communities. The project aims to understand the root causes for the loss of quota from small, remote, fishing communities, and predictors for the success of a newly implemented community quota program that is meant to alter such transfer patterns. This dissertation research contributes to the growing field of environmental anthropology, and will specifically add to scholarship concerning distributive equity and fairness, collective ownership and community-based resource management, and contemporary Native American communities.Broader Impacts: Understanding the distributive and sociocultural effects of privatizing access rights is a fundamental societal question that extends far beyond U.S. fisheries management. This research directly explores questions of resource access and ownership that can contribute to current debates concerning the privatization of public resources. More specifically, this research will provide practical information to resource managers about the outcomes of individual and community-based quota programs that can inform future policy that may better incorporate the goals of both resource and community sustainability. In addition the project advances the education of a young social scientist.