Doctoral Dissertation Research: Quotas and Communities: Privatizing Access to Marine Resources in the North Pacific

以市场为基础的捕捞配额政策已被证明可以提高经济效率，但以这种方式将资源获取权利私有化可能限制分配公平等其他重要的社会目标。在北太平洋最显著的例子是，小型、偏远的渔业社区大量丧失了配额，因而丧失了捕鱼权。由于世界各地的可交易配额计划经常导致类似的趋势，社区保护条款经常被建议作为捕捞配额计划的组成部分。最近在北太平洋地区实施的一个这样的方案提供了一个独特的机会来探索影响社区分配政策成功的因素。本论文的文化人类学研究项目将使用北太平洋大比目鱼和黑貂鱼个人捕捞配额渔业的十年历史来探索这些分配问题，无论是对个人还是社区。该项目旨在了解偏远的小型渔业社区失去配额的根本原因，以及新实施的旨在改变这种转移模式的社区配额计划能否成功的预测因素。本论文的研究有助于环境人类学的发展，并将特别增加有关分配公平与公平，集体所有权和社区资源管理，以及当代美洲原住民社区的学术研究。更广泛的影响：了解获取权私有化的分配和社会文化影响是一个基本的社会问题，它远远超出了美国渔业管理的范畴。这项研究直接探讨了资源获取和所有权的问题，这些问题有助于当前关于公共资源私有化的辩论。更具体地说，这项研究将为资源管理者提供有关个人和社区配额计划结果的实用信息，这些信息可以为未来的政策提供信息，这些政策可能更好地结合资源和社区可持续性的目标。此外，该项目还促进了年轻社会科学家的教育。

Market-based fishing quota policies have been shown to increase economic efficiency, but privatizing resource access rights in this way can limit other important social goals such as distributional equity. The most striking example of this in the North Pacific is the substantial loss of quota, and hence fishing rights, from small, remote, fishing communities. As similar trends have frequently resulted from tradable quota programs around the world, community protection provisions are often recommended components of fishing quota programs. One such program, recently implemented in the North Pacific, provides a unique opportunity to explore the factors that affect the success of community-based distributive policies. This dissertation research project in cultural anthropology will use the ten-year history of the North Pacific halibut and sablefish individual fishing quota fisheries to explore these distributive concerns, both with respect to individuals and communities. The project aims to understand the root causes for the loss of quota from small, remote, fishing communities, and predictors for the success of a newly implemented community quota program that is meant to alter such transfer patterns. This dissertation research contributes to the growing field of environmental anthropology, and will specifically add to scholarship concerning distributive equity and fairness, collective ownership and community-based resource management, and contemporary Native American communities.Broader Impacts: Understanding the distributive and sociocultural effects of privatizing access rights is a fundamental societal question that extends far beyond U.S. fisheries management. This research directly explores questions of resource access and ownership that can contribute to current debates concerning the privatization of public resources. More specifically, this research will provide practical information to resource managers about the outcomes of individual and community-based quota programs that can inform future policy that may better incorporate the goals of both resource and community sustainability. In addition the project advances the education of a young social scientist.