Dissertation Research: Market-linked Conservation in Neotropical Environments and Emergent Exchange Patterns among the Kayap?

巴西亚马逊地区历史上以文化和生物多样性而闻名，是许多巴西土著人民的家园，长期以来一直是一片争论不休的景观。其丰富的资源吸引了来自全球各地对资源开采和开发以及资源保护感兴趣的各种国际利益攸关方。作为回应，土著社区面临着越来越多的挑战，要求他们放弃对其传统家园的地方控制，因为他们已经不平等地融入全球经济。这篇论文是由一位文化人类学家进行的，研究的重点是巴西亚马逊中部的土著居民卡亚波人如何在积极保持独立的同时，参与到一个复杂而支离破碎的世界市场体系中。卡亚波人一直在抵制许多学者通过各种社会和经济战略推测的全球化的必然结果。该项目旨在通过对一个合作的可持续发展项目--红木苗木项目--的历史、社会和政治发展进行人种学案例研究，探讨卡亚波人为谈判其在日益增长的全球系统中的作用而采用的战略的原因和持久后果，该项目涉及卡亚波人和国际非政府组织(非政府组织)--保护国际组织。通过对该项目的批判性分析，这项研究将评估可持续发展战略的复杂结果，这些战略在努力维持对土地和资源控制的土著群体中已变得普遍。研究将通过参与这一保护行动的参与者的实地研究和对该项目的历史背景的档案研究来详细调查该项目。该项目将利用传统环境知识理论、商品链理论和人类学对可持续发展理论的批判，扩大科学工作的范围。这些理论对于批判性地研究当代卡亚波企业家精神是必要的。这项研究的更广泛的影响是分析土著社区如何在环境遭到严重破坏的时候，利用他们的故乡来促进土著权利、保护和抵抗战略。它还为试图合作保护生物和文化多样性的国家提供了一个重要的榜样。该项目还促进了一位年轻社会科学家的教育。

The Brazilian Amazon, a region historically renowned for cultural and biological diversity and home to many of Brazil's indigenous peoples, has long been a contested landscape. Its rich resources have attracted diverse international stakeholders from across the globe interested in resource extraction and exploitation, and in resource conservation. In response, indigenous communities are increasingly challenged to relinquish local control of their traditional homelands as they become unequally integrated into the global economy. This dissertation research by a cultural anthropologist focuses on the ways that the Kayapo, an indigenous population in Central Brazilian Amazon, have aggressively maintained their independence while simultaneously participating in a complex and fragmented world-market system. The Kayapo have resisted what many scholars have speculated as an inevitable outcome of globalization via a variety of social and economic strategies. This project seeks to explore the causes and enduring consequences of the strategies used by the Kayapo to negotiate their role in an increasing global system through an ethnographic case study of the historical, social, and political development of a cooperative sustainable development project, the mahogany seedling project, involving the Kayapo and the international non-governmental organization (NGO), Conservation International (CI). By critically analyzing this project as it unfolds, this research will evaluate the complex outcomes of sustainable development strategies which have become prevalent among indigenous groups struggling to maintain control over land and resources. The research will investigate this project in detail through field research among actors involved in this conservation initiative and archival research on the historical background of the project. This project will broaden the scope of scientific work by using theories of traditional environmental knowledge, commodity chains, and anthropological critiques of sustainable development theories. These theories will be necessary to critically investigate contemporary Kayapo entrepreneurship. The broader impacts of this research is the analysis of how indigenous communities can use their native homeland to promote indigenous rights, conservation, and resistance strategies during a time of intense environmental destruction. It also provides an important example for countries attempting cooperative conservation efforts to preserve biological and cultural diversity. The project also advances the education of a young social scientist.