Dissertation Research: Market-linked Conservation in Neotropical Environments and Emergent Exchange Patterns among the Kayap?

巴西亚马逊是一个历史上以文化和生物多样性而闻名的地区，也是许多巴西土著人民的家园，长期以来一直是一个有争议的地区。其丰富的资源吸引了来自世界各地对资源开采和开发以及资源保护感兴趣的各种国际利益相关者。作为回应，随着土著社区不平等地融入全球经济，他们面临越来越大的挑战，要求他们放弃对传统家园的地方控制。这篇由文化人类学家撰写的论文主要研究了巴西中部亚马逊地区的土著居民卡亚波人在参与复杂而分散的世界市场体系的同时，如何积极地保持自己的独立性。许多学者推测，卡亚波人通过各种社会和经济策略抵制全球化的必然结果。该项目旨在通过对合作可持续发展项目红木苗木项目的历史、社会和政治发展的民族志案例研究，探索卡亚波人在日益增长的全球体系中谈判其角色所使用的策略的原因和持久后果，该项目涉及卡亚波人和国际非政府组织保护国际（CI）。通过批判性地分析这个项目的展开，本研究将评估可持续发展战略的复杂结果，这些战略在努力保持对土地和资源的控制的土著群体中已经变得普遍。该研究将通过对参与该保护倡议的参与者的实地调查和对该项目历史背景的档案研究来详细调查该项目。该项目将通过使用传统环境知识、商品链理论和可持续发展理论的人类学批评来扩大科学工作的范围。这些理论对于批判性地研究当代卡亚波企业家精神是必要的。本研究更广泛的影响在于分析了在环境遭到严重破坏的时期，土著社区如何利用他们的家园来促进土著权利、保护和抵抗策略。它还为试图通过合作保护努力来保护生物和文化多样性的国家提供了一个重要的例子。该项目还促进了年轻社会科学家的教育。

The Brazilian Amazon, a region historically renowned for cultural and biological diversity and home to many of Brazil's indigenous peoples, has long been a contested landscape. Its rich resources have attracted diverse international stakeholders from across the globe interested in resource extraction and exploitation, and in resource conservation. In response, indigenous communities are increasingly challenged to relinquish local control of their traditional homelands as they become unequally integrated into the global economy. This dissertation research by a cultural anthropologist focuses on the ways that the Kayapo, an indigenous population in Central Brazilian Amazon, have aggressively maintained their independence while simultaneously participating in a complex and fragmented world-market system. The Kayapo have resisted what many scholars have speculated as an inevitable outcome of globalization via a variety of social and economic strategies. This project seeks to explore the causes and enduring consequences of the strategies used by the Kayapo to negotiate their role in an increasing global system through an ethnographic case study of the historical, social, and political development of a cooperative sustainable development project, the mahogany seedling project, involving the Kayapo and the international non-governmental organization (NGO), Conservation International (CI). By critically analyzing this project as it unfolds, this research will evaluate the complex outcomes of sustainable development strategies which have become prevalent among indigenous groups struggling to maintain control over land and resources. The research will investigate this project in detail through field research among actors involved in this conservation initiative and archival research on the historical background of the project. This project will broaden the scope of scientific work by using theories of traditional environmental knowledge, commodity chains, and anthropological critiques of sustainable development theories. These theories will be necessary to critically investigate contemporary Kayapo entrepreneurship. The broader impacts of this research is the analysis of how indigenous communities can use their native homeland to promote indigenous rights, conservation, and resistance strategies during a time of intense environmental destruction. It also provides an important example for countries attempting cooperative conservation efforts to preserve biological and cultural diversity. The project also advances the education of a young social scientist.