Identification and Characterization of Mutations that can be used to Engineer Aluminum Tolerance in Agriculturally Relevant Plants.

可用于改造农业相关植物铝耐受性的突变的鉴定和表征。

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0515482
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 42万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2005-07-15 至 2009-06-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils severely limits global agricultural since more than 30% of the world's arable land is considered to have levels of Al that are inhibitory to root growth and consequently crop yield. Al toxic soils are particularly common in the world's tropical regions, which are comprised of many of the world's developing countries. The current understanding of Al toxicity and how some plants can either resist or tolerate Al in their environment remains limited. By gaining further knowledge of the mechanisms underlying Al toxicity and resistance, new strategies for genetic engineering of crop plants that can grow and thrive in an Al toxic environment can be developed. Arabidopsis thaliana has been used by plant scientists as a model genetic system to determine the function of plant genes and subsequently link these to particular phenomena in a plant's life cycle. Although not a crop species, Arabidopsis' unique advantages have allowed scientists to quickly attribute genes to specific functions, giving a solid knowledge base regarding all aspects of plant growth and development. This is also true for identification of genes that plants rely on for growth in inhospitable environments, including Al toxic soils. Using a mutagenesis approach, whereby nucleotide changes that disrupt gene function are introduced, genes whose products are required by plants for growth in an Al toxic environment have been identified. These als (Al sensitive) mutations have little effect on growth of Arabidopsis in the absence of Al, but result in extreme root growth inhibition when Al is present.One of the als mutants, als3-1, has a phenotype that offers a unique opportunity using suppressor analysis to identify genetic changes that confer increased growth capability in the presence of Al. For the suppressor approach, the als3-1 mutant was subjected to random mutagenesis. This was predicted to generate a small sub-population of mutant plants that have genetic changes that mask the als3-1 phenotype and restore the capability of als3-1 roots to grow in the presence of Al. Using this approach, twelve als3-1 suppressor mutants were identified that not only reverse the effects of the als3-1 mutation but also give root growth capability that is far greater than what is found for wild type, unmutagenized Arabidopsis plants. The purpose of the present project is to isolate these mutations and to determine why they confer greater than wild type root growth in the presence of Al. Ultimately, the isolated mutations will be introduced into model crop species either singly or in combination in order to determine if they will be useful for engineering crops that can grow in regions that currently cannot sustain significant agriculture due to Al toxicity.Broader Impacts: Not only does this work have promise with regard to developing strategies for addressing the issue of Al toxicity, it also represents an excellent training opportunity for future scientists. Students from NSF-funded California Alliance for Minority Participation (CAMP), the UCR Mentoring Summer Research Internship Program (MSRIP), and the UCR Copernicus project, which seeks to increase the number of minority high school science teachers in California, are currently and will in the future be active participants in this project. These students will be directly mentored by the project director and a post-doctoral associate, who will also be trained through participation in this project. By having this opportunity, underrepresented groups will be given both methodological and theoretical training that will give them the ability to pursue careers in science for addressing and solving concerns that are presented to their generation.
酸性土壤中的铝(Al)毒性严重限制了全球农业,因为世界上超过30%的可耕地被认为具有抑制根系生长并因此抑制作物产量的Al水平。 铝毒土壤在世界热带地区特别常见,这些地区由世界上许多发展中国家组成。 目前对铝毒性的认识以及一些植物如何在其环境中抵抗或耐受铝仍然有限。 通过进一步了解铝毒和抗性的机制,可以开发出在铝毒环境中生长和茁壮成长的作物基因工程的新策略。 植物科学家利用拟南芥作为模式遗传系统来确定植物基因的功能,并随后将这些基因与植物生命周期中的特定现象联系起来。 虽然不是作物物种,但拟南芥的独特优势使科学家能够快速将基因归因于特定功能,为植物生长和发育的各个方面提供了坚实的知识基础。 这也适用于鉴定植物在恶劣环境中生长所依赖的基因,包括铝毒土壤。 使用诱变方法,从而引入破坏基因功能的核苷酸变化,已经鉴定了其产物是植物在Al毒性环境中生长所需的基因。 这些ALS(Al敏感)突变在没有Al的情况下对拟南芥的生长几乎没有影响,但是当Al存在时导致极端的根生长抑制。als突变体之一,als 3 -1,具有一种表型,其提供了一个独特的机会,使用抑制子分析来鉴定在Al存在下赋予增加的生长能力的遗传变化。对于抑制子方法,对ALS 3 -1突变体进行随机诱变。 据预测,这将产生突变体植物的一个小的亚群,所述突变体植物具有掩盖als 3 -1表型的遗传变化并恢复als 3 -1根在Al存在下生长的能力。鉴定了12个ALS 3 -1抑制突变体,它们不仅逆转ALS 3 - 1的作用,1突变,而且还提供了远大于野生型、未诱变的拟南芥植物的根生长能力。 本项目的目的是分离这些突变,并确定为什么它们在铝的存在下赋予比野生型更大的根生长。最终,分离的突变将单独或组合引入模式作物物种,以确定它们是否对工程作物有用,这些作物可以在目前由于铝毒性而无法维持重要农业的地区生长。这项工作不仅有希望制定解决铝毒性问题的战略,而且也为未来的科学家提供了一个极好的培训机会。 来自NSF资助的加州少数民族参与联盟(CAMP),UCR指导暑期研究实习计划(MSRIP)和UCR哥白尼项目的学生,该项目旨在增加加州少数民族高中科学教师的数量,目前和将来都将积极参与该项目。 这些学生将由项目主任和博士后助理直接指导,他们也将通过参与该项目进行培训。 通过这个机会,代表性不足的群体将获得方法和理论培训,使他们能够从事科学事业,以解决和解决他们这一代人所面临的问题。

项目成果

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Paul Larsen其他文献

Upper limb anomalies and renal disease
上肢异常和肾脏疾病
  • DOI:
    10.1111/j.1399-0004.1980.tb00118.x
  • 发表时间:
    1980
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.5
  • 作者:
    R. Siegler;Paul Larsen;B. Buehler
  • 通讯作者:
    B. Buehler
TCT-448 Impact of Clinical Indication / Risk Strata on Outcomes in Patients Supported with Impella Microaxial Heart Pumps
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1616
  • 发表时间:
    2018-09-25
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Eisha Wali;Paul Larsen;Joseph Venturini;Linda Lee;Taishi Hirai;Jonathan Rosenberg;Margaret Lee;Jonathan Paul;John Blair;Roderick Tung;Atman Shah;Sandeep Nathan
  • 通讯作者:
    Sandeep Nathan

Paul Larsen的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Paul Larsen', 18)}}的其他基金

Joint NSF/ERA-CAPS: Al-UCIDATE - Towards A Molecular Understanding of Aluminum Genotoxicity for Crop Improvement
NSF/ERA-CAPS 联合项目:Al-UCIDATE——从分子角度理解铝基因毒性对作物改良的影响
  • 批准号:
    1539638
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 42万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Exploring an apparent paradox in metal stress - what are the AtATR-related long term consequences of Al toxicity?
探索金属应力中明显的悖论 - 铝毒性与 AtATR 相关的长期后果是什么?
  • 批准号:
    1119884
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 42万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

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