REVSYS: Phylogenetic, Biogeographic, and Revisionary Taxonomic Studies in Prunus (Rosaceae)

REVSYS：李属（蔷薇科）的系统发育、生物地理学和修订分类学研究

• 批准号: 0515431
• 负责人: Daniel Potter
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-15 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0515431&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: REVSYS; Phylogenetic; Biogeographic; Revisionary; Taxonomic

The plant genus Prunus (subfamily Amygdaloideae of family Rosaceae) comprises roughly 200 species of trees and shrubs and includes many of the most economically important fruit and nut crops of temperate regions, such as plums/prunes, peaches, cherries, and almonds, as well as many ornamental species and numerous wild species of ethnobotanical importance because of their uses for food, timber, and medicine. Species of Prunus exhibit great morphological diversity of vegetative and reproductive structures. The genus is distributed throughout the north temperate regions of the world and also includes representatives in tropical regions of Asia and America. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies across Rosaceae and within Prunus have raised questions about the traditional circumscription of subfamily Amygdaloideae and have suggested that a revised classification for Prunus is needed. Moreover, species delimitation throughout Prunus is notoriously poorly understood, and no previous systematic study has included adequate representation of the Pygeum group, a group of about 40 species of the Old World tropics. This project is a comprehensive systematic study of Prunus, the specific objectives of which are: 1) to increase collections of herbarium specimens and material for DNA extractions of 60-80 species of Prunus from tropical Asia and America; 2) to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships across Prunus based on nucleotide sequence data from several regions of the nuclear and chloroplast genomes, while also helping to resolve the relationship of Prunus to other genera in Rosaceae; 3) to examine the evolution of morphological characters within the phylogenetic framework; 4) to infer the historical biogeography of Prunus and to compare it to several other well-supported clades within Rosaceae with distributions in the Old and New Worlds in order to assess whether or not there are recurrent biogeographic patterns in the family; 5) to propose a new phylogenetically based infrageneric classification for Prunus; and 6) to revise the taxonomy of the 50-60 tropical Asian species of Prunus, including all species currently classified in the Pygeum group. The project, a collaborative effort coordinated by Dr. Dan Potter (University of California-Davis) with colleagues Dr. Jun Wen (Smithsonian Institution) and Dr. Joey Shaw (University of Tennessee - Chattanooga), will provide a rigorous modern systematic study and new taxonomic treatments for a large, taxonomically complex and economically important genus of flowering plants performed by a team of researchers with complementary expertise and extensive experience with the group. The project's broader impacts include its relevance to germplasm conservation in this economically important group, training of a Southeast Asian graduate student and a U.S. postdoctoral fellow, and development of a short course in molecular systematics to be offered by the investigators at Herbarium Bogoriense in Indonesia. Results of the project will be disseminated via scientific publications and through internet databases and websites, including contributions to GenBank, detailed taxonomic information for other botanists, and materials on Prunus evolution and systematics intended for educators, students, and horticulturists. Data generated by these studies will be valuable to an international consortium of plant geneticists who are developing peach, Prunus persica, as a model for genomic studies in Rosaceae.

李属植物（蔷薇科扁桃亚科）包括约200种树木和灌木，包括许多温带地区经济上最重要的水果和坚果作物，如李子/李子，桃，樱桃和杏仁，以及许多观赏物种和许多具有民族植物学重要性的野生物种，因为它们用于食品，木材和医药。李属植物在营养和生殖结构上表现出很大的形态多样性。该属分布于世界北温带地区，也包括亚洲和美洲热带地区的代表。最近的分子系统发育研究在蔷薇科和李属内提出了质疑的传统界限的亚科Amygdaloideae，并建议，一个修订的分类李属是必要的。此外，整个李属的物种划分是众所周知的知之甚少，以前没有系统的研究包括足够的代表性的臀果木组，一组约40种的旧世界热带。本项目是对李属植物的综合系统研究，具体目标是：1）增加60-80种热带亚洲和美洲李属植物的标本和DNA提取材料的收集; 2）基于核基因组和叶绿体基因组几个区域的核苷酸序列数据重建李属植物的系统发育关系，同时也有助于解决李属与蔷薇科其他属的关系：3）在系统发育框架内研究形态特征的进化;（4）推断李属植物的历史年表，并与其它几种较好的李属植物进行比较。支持蔷薇科内分布在旧大陆和新大陆的分支，以评估该科中是否存在重复的生物地理模式; 5）提出一种新的基于系统发育的李属亚属分类;（6）修订了50-60种热带亚洲李属植物的分类系统，包括目前分类在臀果木组的所有种。该项目是由丹·波特博士协调的一项合作努力，（加州大学戴维斯分校）与同事温俊博士史密森尼学会（Smithsonian Institution）Joey Shaw博士（田纳西大学-查塔努加），将提供一个严格的现代系统的研究和新的分类治疗，分类学上复杂和经济上重要的属开花植物进行了一组研究人员与互补的专业知识和广泛的与集团的经验。该项目的更广泛的影响包括它的相关性种质保存在这个经济上重要的群体，培训东南亚的研究生和美国博士后研究员，并在分子系统学的短期课程的发展将提供的研究人员在印尼植物标本馆博戈里。该项目的结果将通过科学出版物和互联网数据库和网站传播，包括对GenBank的贡献，为其他植物学家提供详细的分类信息，以及为教育工作者，学生和园艺家提供的关于李属进化和系统学的材料。这些研究所产生的数据将是有价值的国际财团的植物遗传学家谁是发展桃，桃，作为模式的基因组研究在蔷薇科。