Reconstruction of phylogenetic and biogeographic scenarios of ranoid frogs based on SINE and other molecular markers

Ranoides超科是一个嵌套在新蛙亚目中的大型无脊椎动物分类群。许多类群的谱系分裂和分布扩展被认为与冈多瓦南大陆块的分割和碰撞有关。在这个分类单元中，许多系统发育和生物地理问题仍未通过基于DNA和/或蛋白质序列数据的常见分子系统发育分析得到解决。为了解决这些问题，我打算进行基于核转座因子sin的系统发育分析。——信息。虽然在新蛙种中没有发现任何SINEs，但我们在包括新蛙种在内的许多蛙种基因组中发现了sinine2 - 1xt同源物。在尾猿和蛭形动物的基因组中也发现了相同的SINE元素，这表明这个SINE元素起源于所有现存两栖动物的共同祖先。这些结果使得正弦系统发育不仅可以应用于类人猿，而且可以应用于许多两栖动物类群。

Superfamily Ranoides is a large anuran taxon nested in suborder Neobatrachia. It has been considered that lineage splits and distribution expansions of many ranoid groups were occurred in association with the segmentation and collisions of the Gondowanan landmasses. In this taxon, many phylogenetic and biogeographic issues remain unresolved by common molecular phylogenetic analyses based on DNA and/or protein sequence data. To resolve these problems, I aimed to perform phylogenetic analyses based on SINE - a nuclear transposable elements.- information. Although any SINEs had not been found in neobatrachians, we discovered SINE2-1XT homologues from many frog genomes including neobatrachian species. Also the same SINE elements were found from the urodelan and caecilian genomes, indicating that this SINE element had originated in a common ancestor of all living amphibians. These results enable applications of SINE phylogeny in not only ranoids but also many amphibian taxa.