Genetics of Adaptation in Wild Rice (Oryza)

野生稻（Oryza）的适应遗传学

• 批准号: 0515667
• 负责人: Tao Sang
• 金额: $ 38.99万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-15 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0515667&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Genetics; Adaptation; Wild; Rice; Oryza

Adaptation by natural selection drives the evolution of new forms and species. Using wild relatives of rice as a study system, the long-term goal of the research is to genetically identify and ecologically evaluate adaptive mutations. The study will yield experimental data necessary for the rigorous test of population genetic theories of adaptive evolution, and provide direct evidence for the basic mechanisms of natural selection. Using an F2 population, the investigators will conduct a genetic analysis to identify chromosomal locations and phenotypic impact of major mutations responsible for the adaptive origin of Oryza nivara, the wild progenitor of cultivated rice, from its ancestral perennial species Oryza rufipogon. Meanwhile, they will develop near-isogenic lines (NILs) that have the genomic background of O. rufipogon and alleles of O. nivara. The NILs can then be used for molecular cloning of genes underlying adaptive evolution and for experimental test of natural selection at the gene level. The recent availability of rice genome sequences greatly expands the scope of genetic studies in both natural and agricultural populations. The genetic dissection of natural variation in the wild relatives of cultivated rice will open opportunities for the genetic improvement of rice and other cereal cultivars utilizing natural gene resources. The project will train undergraduate and graduate students and postdoctoral researchers with vertically integrated knowledge and research experience from genomics to ecology.

自然选择的适应推动了新形式和物种的进化。 该研究的长期目标是利用水稻野生近缘种作为研究系统，从基因上识别适应性突变并进行生态评估。 该研究将为严格检验适应性进化的群体遗传理论提供必要的实验数据，并为自然选择的基本机制提供直接证据。 研究人员将使用 F2 群体进行遗传分析，以确定染色体位置和主要突变对表型的影响，这些突变负责 Oryza nivara（栽培稻的野生祖先）从其祖先多年生物种 Oryza rufipogon 的适应性起源。 同时，他们将开发具有 O. rufipogon 基因组背景和 O. nivara 等位基因的近等基因系 (NIL)。 然后，NIL 可用于适应性进化基因的分子克隆以及基因水平上自然选择的实验测试。 最近水稻基因组序列的可用性极大地扩展了自然群体和农业群体的遗传研究范围。 对栽培稻野生近缘种自然变异的遗传解析将为利用自然基因资源对水稻和其他谷类品种进行遗传改良提供机会。 该项目将培养具有从基因组学到生态学的垂直整合知识和研究经验的本科生、研究生和博士后研究人员。