The Impact of Television on Very Young Children

电视对幼儿的影响

• 批准号: 0519197
• 负责人: Daniel Anderson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0519197&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Impact; Television; Very; Young; Children

Most very young American children (under 3 years) now spend a great deal of time in the presence of electronic media, particularly television. The typical American family has a TV set in use about 6 to 7 hours a day and 40% of parents of very young children say that the TV set is on "most" or "all" of the time. A distinction can be made between "foreground" and "background" television. Foreground television consists of programs that are made for young children and to which they pay substantial attention. Background television, on the other hand, is programming made for older children or adults, largely incomprehensible to young children and to which they pay little attention. In this project, Dr. Daniel Anderson studies the impact of foreground television programming that is designed to enhance parent-child interactions in order to determine whether such enhancement actually occurs. Dr. Anderson also studies the impact of background television on children's play behavior and on parent-child interactions. Based on prior NSF-supported research, this project tests the hypothesis that background television is a disruptive influence. More specifically, these studies determine whether the disruption is primarily due to distraction by the audio versus the video components of background television; is due to certain types of programs; and whether large-format, high-definition background television is more disruptive than standard television.Because many American infants and toddlers spend large amounts of time in the presence of television, it is essential to understand television's impact. If background television has a disruptive impact on children's behavior and on parent-child interactions, parents can be counseled to reduce their children's exposure to television in the background. Foreground television, which is directed at infants and toddlers, has been greatly increasing, particularly in the form of "baby videos" marketed to parents. To this point, no research has shown that baby videos have a positive effect on development. If appropriately designed foreground television can enhance parent-child interactions, then television may be able to play a useful role in very young children's development.

大多数非常年幼的美国儿童（3岁以下）现在花了大量的时间在电子媒体的存在，特别是电视。 典型的美国家庭每天使用电视机约6至7小时，40%的幼儿父母说电视机“大部分”或“全部”时间都在使用。 可以在“前景”和“背景”电视之间进行区分。 前景电视包括为幼儿制作的节目，他们非常关注这些节目。 背景电视，另一方面，是为年龄较大的儿童或成人制作的节目，大部分是幼儿无法理解的，他们很少注意。 在这个项目中，丹尼尔博士安德森研究前景电视节目的影响，旨在加强父母和孩子的互动，以确定这种增强是否真的发生。 安德森博士还研究了背景电视对儿童游戏行为和亲子互动的影响。 基于先前NSF支持的研究，该项目测试了背景电视是一种破坏性影响的假设。 更具体地说，这些研究确定了这种干扰是否主要是由于背景电视的音频和视频成分引起的分心;是由于某些类型的节目;以及大格式，高清晰度背景电视是否比标准电视更具破坏性。因为许多美国婴儿和幼儿花了大量的时间在电视面前，所以了解电视的影响是至关重要的。 如果背景电视对孩子的行为和亲子互动有破坏性的影响，可以建议父母减少孩子接触背景电视。 针对婴幼儿的前景电视已经大大增加，特别是以向父母销售的“婴儿视频”的形式。 到目前为止，还没有研究表明婴儿视频对发育有积极影响。 如果设计适当的前景电视可以加强亲子互动，那么电视可能能够在非常年幼的儿童的发展中发挥有益的作用。